المستندات والموارد - نتائج البحث
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Copernicus's heliocentric system
صورة
الشرح: Sketch of Copernicus's heliocentric model of the Solar System, from his book "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" (On the revolution of the heavenly spheres) published in 1543. Shown are the Sun as well as the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth (itself orbited by the Moon), Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The outermost circle represents the sphere of the stars.
In this model, the Earth is not special – it is merely one planet, among several, orbiting the Sun. This was the first example for what is now known as the Copernican Principle: that our positions as observers in the universe is not special or privileged in any way. The shift from the geocentric to the heliocentric model of our universe is known as the Copernican revolution.
المصدر: Nicolaus Copernicus
رابط المصدر
مصطلحات المعجم:
ثورة كوبرنيكوس , نموذج مركزية الشمس , النموذج العلمي , مبدأ كوبرنيكوس
فئات:
النظام الشمسي
الترخيص: الملكية العامة الملكية العامة أيقونات
ملف
( صورة
702.64 kB)
Chilean Nights
فيديو
أُنشئ لصالح OAE
الشرح: Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Time lapses of celestial patterns.
Shot in December 2020, this time-lapse shows the sky from San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, in the southern hemisphere.
Right in the first frame we can see our home galaxy, the Milky Way, as well as both the Large and Small Magellanic clouds, two satellite galaxies orbiting the Milky Way. In the bottom of the image the bright stars Rigil Kentaurus and Hadar (also known as Alpha and Beta Centauri) are visible, both in the constellation Centaurus. Just above, we can also see the small constellation Crux, visible from the northern tropical circles southwards. It is important for navigation purposes because its longer axis indicates the direction of the celestial south pole. The bright whitish star in the top of the image and to the right of the Galaxy is Canopus, one of the brightest stars in the night sky, located in the constellation Carina. Canopus is the second brightest star in the sky, while Rigil Kentaurus is the third brightest.
In some of the next frames, Orion, the great hunter, appears clearly with its bright stars and its characteristic asterism, the belt, composed of three aligned bright stars. Since this video was taken from the southern hemisphere, the Greek hero from the northern hemisphere seems to be performing a headstand.
We can also see the planets Jupiter and Saturn in a close conjunction, even finding themselves in the significant beam of Zodiacal light setting down below the horizon. There are also a few meteors blinking in some of the frames, one of them with a long-lasting and developing trail. The very bright object rising from behind the volcanoes of the Andes, creating spectacular shadows and crepuscular rays, is the Moon. In the last frame we see the Moon next to Saturn and Jupiter.
المصدر: Robert Barsa/IAU OAE
مصطلحات المعجم:
المرصد الفلكي , مجموعة نجمية او حشد نجمى , درب التبانة , الجَبّار , سحابة ماجلان الكبرى , سحابة ماجلان الصغيرى , رجل القنطور
فئات:
المجرات
, درب التبانة والوسط بين النجمي
, النجوم
, التلسكوبات والأجهزة والمراصد
الترخيص: المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات
هذا الملف على Zenodo ( فيديو 114.03 MB)
Flowing Night Sky
فيديو
أُنشئ لصالح OAE
الشرح: Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Time lapses of celestial patterns.
This time-lapse was shot from Slovakia in August 2020. By fixing the relative movement of the sky to Earth's rotation in some of the frames, we can experience a different perspective as a viewer.
The Milky Way, our home galaxy, is visible throughout the whole video. The bright objects near the Milky Way are Jupiter and Saturn, close together, Jupiter being the brighter one.
This video also shows the interaction of amateur astronomers observing the Perseids meteor shower with their telescopes pointed towards the sky. An unfortunate aspect of the art of astronomical observing, clouds can suddenly cover the whole sky. The fog occurs mostly because of the higher humidity after the rain.
Most of the light trails in the sky are made by satellites, but some of them, appearing just very briefly and not very noticeably, are meteors, as the video was shot around the peak of Perseids meteor shower.
المصدر: Robert Barsa/IAU OAE
مصطلحات المعجم:
المشتري , درب التبانة , زُحل , الشهاب
فئات:
درب التبانة والوسط بين النجمي
, علم الفلك بالعين المجردة
, النجوم
الترخيص: المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات
هذا الملف على Zenodo ( فيديو 254.11 MB)
Milky Way over Avenue of Baobabs
صورة
أُنشئ لصالح OAE
الشرح: Winner in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.
This image, taken from the Avenue of Baobabs, Morondava, Madagascar, in July 2017, shows the majestic band of the Milky Way, our home galaxy, together with a rich collection of constellations and asterisms: Crux, Centaurus, Scorpius, Sagittarius and the Teapot asterism. Towards the bottom left of the image we can see the Southern Cross and the pointer stars Alpha (the brighter of the two) and Beta Centauri, which help to distinguish it from similar-looking configurations. Some cultures in Africa associate the Southern Cross with a giraffe, while others associate the constellations with a pride of lions or even with the Tree of Life.
Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius, is the orange-red star straight up from the middle baobab tree.
To the Pokomo people from southwestern Kenya, Africa, the Milky Way is associated with the smoke emanating from a campfire lit by ancient people. The various people in South Africa, in contrast, have different star tales; the Khoikhoi from the region around Cape Town explained the colours of the red and white stars as red and white roots that were roasted on a fire and thrown towards the sky together with the ashes of the fire. The Xhosa from further east consider the Milky Way the raised bristle of a huge angry dog, while the Zulu from near Johannesburg interpret it as a stream of spears of their strongest warriors.
Polynesian people, who were adept seafarers and navigators, see the constellation Scorpius as a fish hook, and refer to it as the demigod Maui’s Fish Hook. For the Djab Wurrung and the Jardwadjali people, the Southern Cross is part of a Dreamtime Story involving Tchingal, the Bram-bram-bult brothers (the pointer stars), their mother Druk (Delta Crux), and Bunya, the hunter who gets changed into a possum (Gacrux, red star at the top of the Southern Cross).
In this image, the planets Saturn (the bright point above Antares) and Jupiter (the bright point at the bottom-right of the image close to the trunk of the baobab tree) are visible. Indigenous cultures have various stories associated with the planets, for example Kamilaroi and Wailan people associate Saturn with wunygal, a small bird. The Boorong people of Western Victoria associate Jupiter with Ginabongbearp, the chief of the old spirits (Nurrumbunguttias), who takes the totemic form of the sulphur-crested white cockatoo.
المصدر: Amirreza Kamkar/IAU OAE
مصطلحات المعجم:
اللون , الغبار , المشتري , درب التبانة , زُحل , كوكبة العقرب , الصليب الجنوبي , سحابة الغبار , الاعتتام بين النجوم , رجل القنطور
فئات:
درب التبانة والوسط بين النجمي
, علم الفلك بالعين المجردة
الترخيص: المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات
هذا الملف على Zenodo ( صورة 3.20 MB)
The Callisto satellite
صورة
الشرح: Callisto is the outermost of the four large Galilean moons of Jupiter and the third largest in the whole solar system, falling behind only Ganymede and Saturn's moon Titan. It orbits Jupiter at an average distance of around 1.9 million kilometers, roughly six times the distance between Earth and the Moon.
With a diameter of nearly 5,000 kilometers, it is almost as large as Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system, but has only a third of its mass as it is composed of approximately equal amounts of rock and ice.
Callisto orbits Jupiter in a tidally locked rotation, always showing the same side to Jupiter. In contrast to the other three Galilean satellites – Io, Europa, and Ganymede – it is not in orbital resonance due to its farther outward location and is thus not appreciably tidally heated. It does not show any signs of plate tectonics or volcanic activity. Its lack of geological processes means that surface features like craters remain unchanged for billions of years. It is thought to have evolved predominantly under the influence of impacts, as its surface is the oldest and most heavily cratered object in the solar system. In fact, it is so covered in craters that any new impact will likely erase a former one.
Callisto's internal structure is still subject to discussion; it may consist of a deep salty ocean. It is thought to be composed mainly of a mix of ice and rock, which are present in various states throughout the inner layers of the moon. Callisto hosts a very thin atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide and some traces of oxygen. The moon has been studied by numerous space probes, such as the Pioneer and Voyager missions and the Galileo orbiter, and will be subject to further explorations by NASA, ESA, and China’s National Space Administration (CNSA).
المصدر: NASA/JPL/DLR
رابط المصدر
مصطلحات المعجم:
أقمار غاليليو , الأقمار
الترخيص: الملكية العامة الملكية العامة أيقونات
ملف
( صورة
610.45 kB)
