Dokumente & Ressourchen - Suchergebnisse
Suchergebnisse
Capricornus Constellation Map
Bild
Unterschrift: The constellation Capricornus (commonly called Capricorn) including its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Capricornus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Aquarius, Aquila, Sagittarius, Microscopium and Piscis Austrinus. Capricornus lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Capricornus from mid January to mid February. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Capricornus.
Capricornus lies just south of the celestial equator and is visible to all observers south of the Arctic Circle. Capricornus is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring.
In the south east (lower left on this diagram) of the constellation one can find the globular cluster M30 (shown here as a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it).
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bild: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
Link zur Quelle
Glossar-Begriffe:
Scheinbare Helligkeit , Steinbock , Himmelskoordinaten , Sternbild , Deklination , Ekliptik , Kugelsternhaufen , Rektaszension (RA) , Tierkreis , Wassermann , Schütze , Wendekreis des Steinbocks
Kategorien:
Astronomie mit bloßem Auge
Lizenz: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole
Datei
( Bild
97.98 kB)
PDF-Datei
(PDF file
180.85 kB)
Wassermann-Sternbildkarte
Bild
Unterschrift: Das Sternbild Wassermann mit seinen hellen Sternen und den umliegenden Sternbildern. Der Wassermann ist im Uhrzeigersinn von oben aus gehend umgeben von Pegasus, Fohlen, Adler, Steinbock, Südlicher Fisch, Bildhauer, Walfisch und Fische. Wassermann liegt auf der Ekliptik (hier als blaue Linie dargestellt), das ist der Weg, den die Sonne im Laufe eines Jahres über den Himmel zu nehmen scheint. Die Sonne befindet sich von Mitte Februar bis Mitte März im Wassermann. Auch die anderen Planeten des Sonnensystems sind oft im Wassermann zu finden.
Der Wassermann erstreckt sich über den Himmelsäquator und ist daher im Laufe des Jahres irgendwann einmal von der gesamten Erde aus sichtbar. In den arktischen oder antarktischen Regionen der Welt sind einige Teile des Sternbilds möglicherweise nicht sichtbar. Wassermann ist am besten abends im Herbst auf der Nordhalbkugel und im Frühling auf der Südhalbkugel sichtbar.
Die gelben Kreise mit überlagerten Pluszeichen markieren die Kugelsternhaufen M2 und M72. Die grünen Kreise mit überlagerten Plussymbolen markieren die planetarischen Nebel NGC 7293 (der Helixnebel) und NGC 7002 (der Saturnnebel). M73 (markiert mit einem x-Symbol) ist eine zufällige Gruppierung von Sternen, die früher fälschlicherweise als offener Sternhaufen klassifiziert wurde.
Die y-Achse dieses Diagramms ist in Deklinationsgraden mit Norden nach oben und die x-Achse in Rektaszensionsstunden mit Osten nach links angegeben. Die Größe der hier markierten Sterne bezieht sich auf die scheinbare Helligkeit des Sterns. Je größer die Punkte, desto heller scheinen die Sterne die sie darstellen. Die griechischen Buchstaben kennzeichnen die hellsten Sterne des Sternbildes. Diese sind nach Helligkeit geordnet, wobei der hellste Stern mit Alpha, der zweithellste mit Beta usw. bezeichnet wird, obwohl diese Reihenfolge nicht immer genau eingehalten wird. Die gepunkteten Begrenzungslinien markieren die IAU-Grenzen der Sternbilder und die durchgezogenen grünen Linien markieren eine der üblichen Formen, die zur Darstellung der Sternbilder verwendet werden. Weder die Sternbildgrenzen, noch die Linie, die die Ekliptik markiert, noch die Linien, die die Sterne verbinden, erscheinen so am Himmel.
Bild: Angepasst vom IAU Office of Astronomy for Education nach dem Original von IAU/Sky & Telescope
Link zur Quelle
Glossar-Begriffe:
Scheinbare Helligkeit , Steinbock , Himmelskoordinaten , Sternbild , Deklination , Ekliptik , Kugelsternhaufen , Fische , Planetarischer Nebel , Rektaszension (RA) , Tierkreis , Wassermann , Offener Sternhaufen
Kategorien:
Astronomie mit bloßem Auge
Lizenz: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole
Datei
( Bild
117.74 kB)
PDF-Datei
(PDF file
229.35 kB)
Seasons
Bild
Erstellt für das OAE
Unterschrift: This diagram shows the Earth at the June solstice which is known as the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. The Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted from the axis of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun by 23.4°. Here we see light from the sun represented as parallel lines, in the diagram the Sun would lie far off the right-hand edge. Five lines are marked with angles. These lines hit the Earth at special latitudes. From top to bottom these lines hit the Earth at the North Pole, the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator, the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle. The lines are shown hitting the Earth at the longitude where it is currently noon. For the last four lines, the angles marked show the angle above the horizon (the altitude) which the Sun appears in the sky at at local noon.
At the June solstice, the Sun will appear directly overhead at local noon on every point on the Tropic of Capricorn. By contrast the Sun reaches a maximum altitude of 0° at local noon on every point in the Antarctic Circle. This means the Sun never rises and every point south of the Antarctic Circle experiences a long Polar Night. By contrast the Sun never sets on this day north of the Arctic Circle and the regions here experience a Polar Day. The at the North Pole the Sun will remain at a constant altitude all day. This altitude will be the angle 180°-156.6° (23.4°).
The altitude the Sun appears at is important as it defines how spread out the Sun’s rays are on the Earth’s surface. Look at the thick, faint parallel lines in the background. Notice how at the Tropic of Cancer the area the lines intersect with the Earth’s surface perpendicularly and the line only covers a small part of the Earth’s surface. Now look at a line near the Tropic of Capricorn and see that this intersects with the Earth at a grazing angle and the line is spread out, covering a much wider area of the Earth’s surface. This means that a given amount of light from the Sun that hits the Tropic of Cancer is more concentrated and the same amount of light hitting the Tropic of Capricorn would be more spread out. This leads to more energy per unit area from the Sun hitting the Tropic of Cancer and less energy per unit area hitting the Tropic of Capricorn. This means it will be warmer at the Tropic of Cancer than at the Tropic of Capricorn. It is thus summer at the Tropic of Cancer and winter at the Tropic of Capricorn.
Six months later this situation will be reversed and it will be summer at the Tropic of Capricorn and winter at the Tropic of Cancer.
Bild: Maria Cristina Fortuna/IAU OAE
Glossar-Begriffe:
Äquator , Sonnenwende , Sommersonnenwende , Winter , Wintersonnenwende , Nördlicher Polarkreis , Südlicher Polarkreis , Wendekreis des Krebses , Wendekreis des Steinbocks , Nordpol
Lizenz: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole
Datei
( Bild
1.09 MB)
Also available in black and white
Datei
( Bild
400.17 kB)
PDF-Datei
(
477.01 kB)
Latitude and Longitude
Bild
Erstellt für das OAE
Unterschrift: Two views of the Earth, one viewing the Northern Hemisphere, one viewing the Southern Hemisphere. The Earth rotates around its axis, an imaginary line that runs through the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. The Equator is an imaginary line that is the same distant from both the North Pole and the South Pole.
The positions of two cities, Rome in the Northern Hemisphere and Sydney in the Southern Hemisphere are marked here with red dots. Arrows indicate the two spherical coordinates latitude and longitude.
Latitude marks the position north or south of the equator. Here we can see Rome has the letter N in its latitude as it is in the Northern Hemisphere and Sydney has the letter S in its latitude as it is in the Southern Hemisphere. Latitude can vary from 90° N at the North Pole to 0° at the Equator to 90° S at the South Pole.
Longitude measures the position around the equator. While the choice of the zero point for latitude as the equator seems obvious, the choice of the zero point for longitude is more subjective. By convention the zero point in longitude is the prime meridian which passes through the Royal Greenwich Observatory in the UK. This is marked here as a solid line originating at the North Pole. Longitude is measured in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. As both Rome and Sydney lie to the east of Greenwich, they have the letter E as part of their longitude. Moving west to east, longitude varies from 180° W on the other side of the world from the prime meridian to 0° on the prime meridian before reaching 180° E again on the other side of world from the prime meridian.
This diagram shows the Earth at the December solstice. Two views are presented, one viewing the Northern Hemisphere and one viewing the Southern Hemisphere about nine hours later. The shaded region shows the night side of the Earth, with the day side being lighter. As it is the December solstice, the Sun appears overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn. This is a line of constant latitude at 23°26′09.3″ S. Six months later, at the June solstice, the Sun will appear to be overhead at the Tropic of Cancer at 23°26′09.3″ N. As the Sun appears over the Tropic of Capricorn more of the Southern Hemisphere is illuminated than the Northern Hemisphere. Indeed below the Antarctic Circle (the Polar Circle around the South Pole) the Sun does not set at this time of year leading to a Polar Day. Conversely, north of the Arctic Circle (the Polar Circle around the North Pole) the Sun does not rise at this time of year, leading to a Polar Night.
Bild: Maria Cristina Fortuna/IAU OAE
Glossar-Begriffe:
Erdrotation , Äquator , Breitengrad , Längengrad , Polarkreis , Erdachse , Wendekreis , Polartag , Polarnacht , Wendekreis des Krebses , Wendekreis des Steinbocks , Tropen , Nordpol , Südpol
Kategorien:
Astronomie mit bloßem Auge
, Der Planet Erde
Lizenz: Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole
Datei
( Bild
434.22 kB)
PDF-Datei
(PDF file
449.61 kB)
Also available in black and white
Datei
( Bild
433.51 kB)
PDF-Datei
(
358.89 kB)
