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Category:   All categories Astronomy and Society Chemistry Cosmology Exoplanets & Astrobiology Galaxies Mathematics Milky Way and Interstellar Medium Naked Eye Astronomy Observational Astronomy Physics Planet Earth Solar System Space Exploration Stars Telescopes, Instruments and Observatories The Sun

Big Idea:   All Big Ideas 1 - Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences in human history 2 - Astronomical phenomena can be experienced in our daily lives 3 - The night sky is rich and dynamic 4 - Astronomy is a science that studies celestial objects and phenomena in the Universe 5 - Astronomy benefits from and stimulates technology development 6 - Cosmology is the science of exploring the Universe as a whole 7 - We all live on a small planet within the Solar System 8 - We are all made of stardust 9 - There are hundreds of billions of galaxies in the Universe 10 - We may not be alone in the Universe 11 - We must preserve Earth, our only home in the Universe

Big Idea SubIdea:   All Big Ideas SubIdeas 1.1 - Understanding the sky and the movements of the Sun and planets was one of the first 1.2 - Earlier cultures imagined patterns connecting stars in the night sky 1.3 - Astronomy has inspired and is represented in the art and culture of many civilisatio 1.4 - Astronomy provided important timekeeping knowledge, essential for ancient agricultur 1.5 - Astronomy was important for navigators in the past 1.6 - Astronomy, by using the scientific method, is different from astrology 1.7 - Earth was believed, by most earlier cultures, to be the centre of the Universe 1.8 - The century-long Copernican revolution led to the Sun replacing Earth as the accepte 1.9 - Over 400 years ago, astronomers undertook the first methodical observations within a 1.10 - Planet Earth is approximately spherical in shape, and this has been illustrated for 2.1 - We experience day and night because of Earth’s rotation around its axis 2.2 - We experience seasons because of the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation as Earth moves 2.3 - We see different phases of the Moon throughout a Moon cycle 2.4 - Eclipses occur due to special alignments of the Sun, Earth and Moon 2.5 - The tides on Earth are a result of the gravity of the Sun and Moon 2.6 - Light from the Sun is essential for most life forms on Earth 2.7 - Particles from the Sun travel to Earth and cause the aurora 2.8 - Technology developed for astronomical research is part of our daily life 3.1 - We can see several thousands of stars with our eyes on a clear and dark night 3.2 - The night sky can help us to orient on Earth and navigate 3.3 - The rotation axis of Earth wobbles (precesses) over thousands of years 3.4 - Only a few celestial bodies are bright enough to be seen with the unaided eye when t 3.5 - Celestial objects rise in the East and set in the West due to Earth’s rotation 3.6 - Stars twinkle due to our atmosphere 3.7 - Millions of meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere daily 4.1 - Light (otherwise known as electromagnetic radiation) is the main source of informati 4.2 - On large scales, gravitation is the dominant interaction in the Universe 4.3 - Gravitational waves and subatomic particles provide new ways of studying the Univers 4.4 - Astronomy makes use of data obtained from observations and simulations to model astr 4.5 - Astronomical research combines knowledge from different fields, such as physics, mat 4.6 - Astronomy is divided into a number of specialties 4.7 - Time and distance scales in astronomy are a lot larger than the ones we use in our d 4.8 - Spectroscopy is an important technique allowing us to probe the Universe from a dist 5.1 - Telescopes and detectors are crucial to the study of Astronomy 5.2 - Some telescopes can be linked together to act as one big telescope 5.3 - Astronomical observatories are located on Earth and in Space 5.4 - Earth-based astronomical observatories are often located in remote regions all aroun 5.5 - Astronomy today is part of “Big Science” and “Big Data” 5.6 - Complex simulations and huge data in astronomy require the development of powerful s 5.7 - Astronomy is a global science, with international teams, and where data and publicat 5.8 - Numerous spacecrafts have been launched to space to study the Solar System 6.1 - The Universe is over 13 billion years old 6.2 - The Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on the large scale 6.3 - We always observe the past 6.4 - We can only directly observe a fraction of the total Universe 6.5 - The Universe is mainly composed of Dark Energy and Dark Matter 6.6 - The Universe is expanding at an accelerated rate 6.7 - The expansion of space causes light from distant galaxies to be redshifted 6.8 - The natural laws (e.g. gravity) that we study on Earth appear to work the same way t 6.9 - The large-scale structure of the Universe is composed of filaments, sheets and voids 6.10 - The Cosmic Microwave Background allows us to explore the early Universe 6.11 - The evolution of the Universe can be explained by the Big Bang model 7.1 - The Solar System was formed about 4.6 billion years ago 7.2 - The Solar System is composed of the Sun, planets, dwarf planets, moons, comets, aste 7.3 - There are eight planets in the Solar System 7.4 - There are several dwarf planets in the Solar System 7.5 - The planets are divided into terrestrial (rocky) planets and gas giants 7.6 - Some planets have dozens of natural satellites 7.7 - Earth is the third planet orbiting around the Sun, and has one natural satellite, th 7.8 - There are millions of asteroids, which are remnants from the early formation of our 7.9 - A comet is an icy object that acquires a tail when it is heated by the Sun 7.10 - The boundary of the Solar System is called the Heliopause 8.1 - A star is a self-luminous body generating its energy by internal nuclear reactions 8.2 - Stars form from massive clouds of dust and gas 8.3 - The closest star to Earth is the Sun 8.4 - The Sun is a dynamic star 8.5 - The colour of a star tells us its surface temperature 8.6 - The space between stars can be largely empty or it can contain clouds of gas, which 8.7 - A star goes through a life cycle which is largely determined by its initial mass 8.8 - Massive stars can end their life cycle as stellar black holes 8.9 - New stars and their planetary systems are born from matter left behind by previous s 8.10 - The human body consists of atoms that can be traced back to earlier stars 9.1 - A galaxy is a large system of stars, dust and gas 9.2 - Galaxies appear to contain large amounts of Dark Matter 9.3 - Galaxy formation is an evolutionary process 9.4 - There are three main types of galaxies: Spiral, Elliptical and Irregular 9.5 - We live in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way 9.6 - The spiral arms of galaxies are created by pile-ups of gas and dust 9.7 - Most galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their centre 9.8 - Galaxies can be extremely distant from each other 9.9 - Galaxies form clusters 9.10 - Galaxies interact with each other through gravity 10.1 - Organic molecules have been detected outside Earth 10.2 - Living organisms have been found to survive in extreme environments on Earth 10.3 - Potential traces of liquid water open up the possibility of primitive life on Mar 10.4 - Some natural satellites in the Solar System appear to have the conditions for life 10.5 - There are numerous planets called exoplanets, which orbit stars other than the Sun 10.6 - Exoplanets can be very diverse and are often found in systems 10.7 - We are now close to the detection of an Earth-like planet 10.8 - Scientists are searching for extraterrestrial intelligence 11.1 - Light pollution affects humans, many other animals, and plants 11.2 - There is a lot of human-made debris orbiting Earth 11.3 - We monitor potentially hazardous space object 11.4 - Humans have a significant impact on Earth’s environment 11.5 - The climate and the atmosphere are heavily affected by human activity 11.6 - A global perspective is necessary to preserve our planet 11.7 - Astronomy provides us with a unique cosmological perspective that reinforces our un