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位于帕拉纳尔天文台的欧洲南方天文台甚大望远镜与月晕
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图注： 位于智利帕瑞纳山的甚大望远镜由四台反射望远镜组成，每台望远镜的主镜直径为8.2米。在这张照片中图中，其中一个穹顶打开着，并向天空发射激光束。这些激光在天空中创造出“人造星”，用于调整望远镜的光学系统，从而消除地球大气层引起的模糊效应，这一过程被称为自适应光学。
在天空中，月亮被明亮的光晕围绕。该现象是由月光在地球大气中的冰晶内反射而形成的。
来源： 胡安-卡洛斯-穆尼奥斯-马特奥斯/欧空局
来源链接
词汇表:
天文台 , 自适应光学 , 晕
分类：
望远镜、仪器与天文台
授权许可： 知识共享许可协议 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 知识共享许可协议 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 图标
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4.27 MB)
Mare Crisium - Sea of Crises
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图注： The image shows the lunar Mare Crisium, the “Sea of Crises,” as seen by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2015. The photo size is 750 × 750 km, about the size of Germany. Mare Crisium is located in the Moon’s Crisium basin, near the great Mare Tranquillitatis on the near side of the Moon. It is visible from Earth and is characterized by a relatively smooth and flat surface surrounded by cliffs and highlands. The basin that now contains the Mare Crisium was formed by a massive impact event likely during the Nectarian period approximately 3.9 billion years ago. During this time in lunar history, major basins including the Crisium basis were formed by large impact events. Later in lunar history, the basin was flooded by lava to form the dark and flat plain we see today. Its floor is about 1.8 kilometers below the typical lunar surface level. The study of lunar maria provides insights into the volcanic history and impact processes that have affected the Moon and other celestial objects.
来源： NASA, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
来源链接
词汇表:
月球 , 月海
分类：
太阳系
授权许可： 公共领域 公共领域 图标
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6.78 MB)
Record-Breaking Off-Earth Driving: Rovers on Mars & the Moon
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图注： Part of the Simplifying Astronomy for Arabic Speakers project, this infographic highlights the longest distances traveled by rovers on Mars and the Moon, showcasing space exploration’s progress.
Top Rovers & Their Achievements
Mars: NASA’s Opportunity holds the record, covering 45.16 km between 2004–2018.
Moon: The Soviet Lunokhod 2 leads with 39 km, followed by Apollo rovers:
Apollo 17: 35.74 km
Apollo 15: 27.8 km
Apollo 16: 27.1 km
Mars vs. Moon: Different Challenges
1. Martian Terrain – Mars has a thin atmosphere, dust storms, and rugged landscapes, requiring durable, long-term rovers.
2. Lunar Terrain – The Moon’s cratered surface lacks an atmosphere, allowing easier movement but with shorter mission durations.
3. Mission Longevity – Mars rovers operate for years, while Apollo lunar rovers were used briefly.
Future Rovers & Expectations
Curiosity may reach 42.195 km, making it one of Mars' most traveled rovers.
Yutu-2 (China) continues exploring the Moon since 2019.
Conclusion
These record-breaking distances showcase technological advancements in planetary exploration. With continued innovation, future rovers will go even further, paving the way for ambitious human missions beyond Earth!
来源： Ali Al-Edhari ; adapted from the original by NASA/JPL-Caltech
词汇表:
漫游车
分类：
太空探索
语言： Arabic
文字系统： Arabic
授权许可： 知识共享许可协议 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 知识共享许可协议 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 图标
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1.66 MB)
Waning crescent moon
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图注： The waning crescent moon photographed from the Northern Hemisphere (USA). At this phase, most of the moon's illuminated half is not visible from Earth so only a thin, bright crescent appears.
来源： Stephen Rahn
来源链接
词汇表:
月相 , 残月
分类：
太阳系
授权许可： CC0 1.0 通用 (CC0 1.0) 公共领域贡献 CC0 1.0 通用 (CC0 1.0) 公共领域贡献 图标
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8.14 MB)
Waxing Crescent Moon
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图注： The waxing crescent moon viewed from the Northern Hemisphere (USA). In this phase, only a small fraction of the moon's illuminated half is visible, leading to its thin crescent shape.
来源： Stephen Rahn
来源链接
词汇表:
月相 , 蛾眉月
分类：
太阳系
授权许可： CC0 1.0 通用 (CC0 1.0) 公共领域贡献 CC0 1.0 通用 (CC0 1.0) 公共领域贡献 图标
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1.04 MB)
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