Glossarbegriffe: Licht
Description: Licht ist elektromagnetische Strahlung. Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch bezieht sich Licht in der Regel auf elektromagnetische Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge, die mit dem bloßen menschlichen Auge wahrgenommen werden kann. Die für den Menschen sichtbare Wellenlänge des Lichts liegt ungefähr im Bereich von 380-750 Nanometern (nm), wobei die meisten Menschen Licht mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 400 nm kaum wahrnehmen können. Dieser sichtbare Bereich ist ein schmaler Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums, das eine breite Palette von Wellenlängen abdeckt, von Gammastrahlen (die kürzesten) bis zu Radiowellen (die längsten). Im weiteren Sinne wird der Begriff Licht manchmal für jede Art von elektromagnetischer Strahlung verwendet.
Grundlegende Eigenschaften des Lichts sind Intensität, Ausbreitungsrichtung, Frequenz, Spektrum und Polarisation. Die Geschwindigkeit des Lichts im Vakuum ist mit genau 299.792.458 Metern pro Sekunde definiert und gehört zu den Grundkonstanten der Natur.
Die Farbe des Lichts hängt von seiner Wellenlänge ab. Violettes Licht hat die kürzeste Wellenlänge im sichtbaren Spektrum, rotes die längste. Licht hat mehrere Quellen, natürliche und künstliche; die Sonne ist die Hauptlichtquelle der Erde. Licht wird in kleinen "Paketen", als sogenannte Photonen, emittiert und absorbiert. Photonen haben sowohl die Eigenschaften von Wellen als auch von Teilchen. Dieses Phänomen wird als Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus bezeichnet.
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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