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Glossarbegriffe: Brechung

Also known as Refraktion

Description: Unter Brechung (oder Refraktion) versteht man die Art und Weise, in der eine Welle - insbesondere Licht - ihre Ausbreitungsrichtung ändert, wenn sie von einem Medium in ein anderes übergeht. Das Ausmaß und die Richtung dieser Änderung hängen von den "Brechungsindizes" der beiden Medien ab. Diese sind wiederum von der Lichtgeschwindigkeit in jedem Medium abhängig. Diese Beziehung wird mathematisch im Snelliusschen Brechungsgesetz beschrieben.

Die Art und Weise, wie Licht in ein Stück Glas eintritt, kann genutzt werden, um eine Linse zu erzeugen, die parallele Lichtstrahlen - wie das Licht eines fernen Sterns - bündelt, die auf die Linse fallen. Linsenfernrohre machen sich diesen Effekt zunutze.

Die Brechung hängt auch von der Wellenlänge des einfallenden Lichts ab. Ein Prisma nutzt diese Eigenschaft, um das Licht nach seiner Wellenlänge in seine einzelnen Spektralfarben zu zerlegen. Damit kann man unterschiedliche Spektren untersuchen.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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A composite showing four rainbows. Each is centred on different points

24 Hours of Rainbow

Bildunterschriften: This panoramic view taken with a smartphone of Livorno, Italy, showcases a series of vivid rainbows captured on three different days in December 2021. Rainbows are the result of sunlight being refracted by water droplets suspended in the air, typically after rainfall or during misty conditions. The water droplets act like a prism, breaking up (refracting) the sunlight into the various colours. The different wavelengths of light are refracted by different amounts, which is why we see this layering of colours. The photographer skillfully merged the most remarkable shots taken on different days to highlight the diverse sizes and brilliance of these rainbows. The locations at which the rainbows appear to be centred are different because each rainbow appeared when the Sun was at a different position in the sky. This composite image beautifully captures the transient yet mesmerising allure of rainbows, illustrating their fleeting appearance and gradual dissipation influenced by the shifting atmospheric conditions.
Bildnachweis: Fabrizio Guasconi/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0)

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons