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Glossary term: Réfraction

Description: La réfraction est la façon dont une onde - et plus précisément la lumière - change de direction lorsqu'elle passe d'un milieu à un autre. L'ampleur et la direction du changement dépendent des "indices de réfraction" des deux milieux, qui dépendent à leur tour de la vitesse de la lumière dans chaque milieu, une relation qui est codée mathématiquement dans la loi de Snell sur la réfraction. La façon dont la lumière passe dans un morceau de verre peut être utilisée pour créer une lentille, qui regroupe des rayons lumineux parallèles - tels que la lumière d'une étoile lointaine - tombant sur la lentille. C'est le principal effet utilisé dans la construction des télescopes réfracteurs. La réfraction dépend également de la longueur d'onde de la lumière incidente, un fait qui peut être utilisé, comme dans un prisme, pour séparer la lumière par longueur d'onde en ses couleurs élémentaires constitutives, ce qui est important pour documenter et examiner les spectres.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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A composite showing four rainbows. Each is centred on different points

24 Hours of Rainbow

Caption: This panoramic view taken with a smartphone of Livorno, Italy, showcases a series of vivid rainbows captured on three different days in December 2021. Rainbows are the result of sunlight being refracted by water droplets suspended in the air, typically after rainfall or during misty conditions. The water droplets act like a prism, breaking up (refracting) the sunlight into the various colours. The different wavelengths of light are refracted by different amounts, which is why we see this layering of colours. The photographer skillfully merged the most remarkable shots taken on different days to highlight the diverse sizes and brilliance of these rainbows. The locations at which the rainbows appear to be centred are different because each rainbow appeared when the Sun was at a different position in the sky. This composite image beautifully captures the transient yet mesmerising allure of rainbows, illustrating their fleeting appearance and gradual dissipation influenced by the shifting atmospheric conditions.
Credit: Fabrizio Guasconi/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0)

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons