Glossary term: 系外行星

Description: 系外行星，或太阳系外行星，是指位于太阳系之外的行星。关于系外行星存在的理论源于16世纪，就有了，而旨在寻找系外行星的观测研究开始于19世纪。第一批被证实存在的系外行星是在20世纪90年代发现的。其中，Dimidium是第一颗被证实围绕主序星运行的系外行星，它由法国东南部的上普罗旺斯天文台间接发现。这颗系外行星环绕着1995年被发现的黄色亚巨星飞马座51运行。在那之后，人们又发现了数千颗系外行星。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

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Related Media

老人增四b

Caption: 这幅图像由两张照片合成，显示了系外行星老人增四b和一个物质盘，它们都围绕年轻恒星老人增四运行。这两张照片都是在红外波段拍摄的。围绕太阳之外的恒星运行的行星称为“系外行星”，内侧图像即为首批被拍摄到的系外行星照片之一。这张照片是利用一种叫做“自适应光学”的技术拍摄的，该技术可以消除地球大气引起的模糊效应，从而使星光不再散开。然后，星光被高度集中，并由一个叫做“星冕仪”的遮挡圈（此处显示为黑圈）遮挡，其周围的波纹是成像过程中的伪影。老人增四b是一颗气态巨行星，质量约为木星的12倍，在黑圈左上方显示为一个小点。外侧图像显示的是年轻恒星老人增四周围温暖物质盘的热辐射。我们的视线处于这个物质盘的侧面，因此它显示为一条线。这个由气体和尘埃组成的物质盘提供了形成老人增四b的物质。
Credit: ESO/A.-M. Lagrange et al. credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

β Pictoris b的轨道

Caption: 这组图像展示了太阳系外行星（系外行星）β Pictoris b 的轨道运动。这颗行星是每幅图中的亮点。行星的主星被隐藏在每幅图中间的黑圈后面。这样做是为了去掉更亮的主星，否则主星的光会掩盖行星的光。行星轨道侧面对着我们。从这个角度观察轨道，会让人觉得行星是沿着一条直线运动的。 2015年2月至2016年11月期间，β Pictoris b似乎越来越靠近它的主星。之后，这颗行星离恒星如此之近，以至于近两年都没有人看到它，之后它又再次出现在恒星的另一侧。
Credit: ESO/拉格朗日/SPHERE合作组织 credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Related Diagrams

Pictor appears as a slightly bent line going from the south east to north west

Pictor Constellation Map

Caption: The constellation Pictor with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Pictor is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Columba, Caelum, Dorado, Volans, Carina and Puppis. Pictor is notable for its second brightest star, Beta Pictoris. This young star hosts a large disk of dusty material left over from the planet formation process along with two planets, one of which Beta Pictoris b was one of the first planets to be directly imaged by astronomers. Pictor is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from some equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to the remaining northern equatorial regions and some northern hemisphere temperate zones. Pictor is best viewed in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

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