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Glossary term: 电离

Description: 电离是原本中性的原子失去电子或者得到电子的过程，从而使由中性原子（或分子）组成的气体转变为由带电离子组成的气体，即等离子体。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

Related Media


A Y-shaped band of light with light and dark patches, in the colours green and pink glows in the sky over some buildings

Till the End of the World, by Hang Li, China

Caption: First place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Aurorae (time-lapses). Aurorae are often called "Northern Lights" in Europe or North America but here we see that they also exist at the extreme south of our planet. Taken at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica, this time-lapse (speeded up) video shows how some bands of Aurora can remain stable over longer times while other features appear to "dance". See how many different patterns of swirls and waves you can spot in the video.
Credit: Hang Li/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


弯曲的绿色光带从地平线向外辐射，在图像顶部扩散成更宽的光带。

西班牙塞尔吉奥·迪亚兹·鲁伊斯拍摄的《冰岛光之河》。

Caption: 2021年国际天文学联合会（IAU）OAE天文摄影比赛极光类别（延时摄影）二等奖。 这段视频展示了极光如何在几分钟的时间尺度上缓慢演变。注意最后两个镜头中从后面照亮的云层。极光是由太阳爆发中喷出的带电粒子与地球磁场相互作用引起的。随时间变化的原因是巨大的粒子波推动地球磁场形成奇怪的形状，然后磁场会恢复原状。
Credit: Sergio Díaz Ruiz/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


图片的左侧显示天空泛着绿色的光辉。右侧的天空较暗，但有绿色的光带。

意大利科尔蒂纳天文协会代表马尔科·米利亚尔迪拍摄的冰岛多彩极光。

Caption: 2021年国际天文学联合会（IAU）OAE天文摄影比赛极光类别（静态图像）一等奖。 极光是地球高层大气电离和激发过程的结果，由太阳风或日冕物质抛射产生的带电粒子引起。极光中不同的颜色显示了参与反应的大气原子和分子的种类。最常见的颜色是明亮的绿色，它与深红色一起源自原子氧。蓝色、紫色和粉色的色调则较为罕见，来源于分子氮。极光在水中的倒影显示了高纬度地区强烈极光的亮度。
Credit: 马尔科·米利亚尔迪代表科尔蒂纳天文协会/IAU OAE。

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


在山脉地平线上方，一道绿色的弯曲Y形光带。

北极光龙盘旋于挪威埃尔斯峡湾上空

Caption: 2021年国际天文学联合会（IAU）OAE天文摄影比赛极光类别（静态图像）二等奖。 极光经常呈现出波浪状的幕布图案，其中的弧形或带状光束会形成移动的卷曲、褶皱，甚至螺旋状结构。这些不规则的形状反映了地球磁场的小尺度结构与带电粒子流之间的相互作用。尽管满月照亮了地景和夜空，极光依然清晰可见，这表明极光可以是一种非常明亮且色彩丰富的现象。
Credit: Rainer Sparenberg/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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