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Glossary term: K 型星

Description: 光谱类型为 ”K“ 的恒星。天文学家通过光谱中氢原子谱线非常弱但铁和锰原子谱线较强来识别 K 型星。它们的典型(有效)温度大约在 3700 K 到 5200 K 之间。与其他恒星相比,它们在人眼中呈现橙白色,除非受到星际或大气层红化的影响。金牛座的毕宿五(即阿尔德巴朗)和双子座的北河三(即波鲁克斯)就是 K 型星。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

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Related Diagrams

一颗 K 型恒星的光谱

Caption: K 型恒星 2MASS J19554455+4754531 的光谱。波长在 400 纳米到 700 纳米之间的光谱线的颜色大致与人眼看到的该波长光线的颜色一致。波长低于 400 纳米和高于 700 纳米时,人眼几乎看不到光,光谱线分别被染成蓝色和红色。 黑线表示恒星大气中不同元素的原子和离子造成的光谱吸收线。这些原子和离子会吸收特定波长的光,从而在光谱中形成尖锐的暗线。这些线条的强度取决于恒星大气层的温度。如果两颗恒星的大气层温度不同,那么由相同元素混合而成的两颗恒星的光谱中可能会出现大相径庭的线条。K 型恒星的光谱主要由铁、钠和钙等金属原子构成。金属原子的谱线非常多,多到无法逐一标出,以至于光谱看起来波澜不惊、参差不齐。氢原子和钙离子的谱线比更热的 G 型恒星要弱得多。
Credit: IAU OAE/SDSS/Niall Deacon

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