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Glossary term: 光污染

Description: 光污染是指由于例如路灯等过量或不完美的(向地平线以上方向发射)的人工照明,而导致夜空变亮的现象。它会造成极大的影响,它扰乱了对恒星、行星和其他天体的观测;它改变生态系统并影响生物的自然周期。此外,光污染也是对资金和资源的低效利用。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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Related Media


一棵树矗立在夜空前,地平线处弥漫的黄色光辉遮蔽了天空下方的星辰。

艾菲尔国家公园星空,作者:韩东(音译),中国

Caption: 2021年国际天文学联合会教育办公室天文摄影大赛光污染类别一等奖作品 光污染是人类活动产生的过量人造光造成的,主要是工业化的副产品。这种污染通常在与人类活动程度高的人口稠密相关区域最为明显,例如街道照明、交通系统、建筑物和住宅的灯光。但它也可能来自其他地方,如海上的船只和石油平台。这张照片拍摄于2018年比利时的一座国家公园,展现了光污染对将所有人类连接在一起的最珍贵资源——夜空——所造成的破坏性影响。
Credit: 韩东(音译)/国际天文学联合会教育办公室

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


这是一张由六张图像组成的合成图,呈现为垂直条纹。最右侧的图像展示了繁星密布的夜空,随着向左移动,星空逐渐被淹没在人造光源的光污染中。

真实的光污染全景,作者托马斯・斯洛文斯基, 斯洛伐克

Caption: 2021 年国际天文学联合会 OAE 天文摄影比赛光污染类第二名。 这张2020年在斯洛伐克拍摄的合成图展示了光污染地区因人工照明造成的影响。光污染越严重,我们能观测到的天空景象就越少。注意从右到左,即使对于灵敏的数码相机,能看到的星星数量也在减少。光污染不仅影响夜空中天体的可见度,还对生态系统产生重大影响,许多动物也受到了负面影响,例如迁徙的夜行鸟可能会遇到难以找到迁徙方向的问题,海龟可能会被海滩附近沿海城市的灯光所迷惑,从而错过产卵的地点。光污染还可能对人类健康产生负面影响。因此,保护黑暗宁静的夜空对整个地球及其上丰富的生命至关重要。
Credit: Tomáš Slovinský/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


明亮的条纹形成竖条,遮蔽了星空

卫星群与夜空之美,作者 Torsten Hansen,德国

Caption: 2021 年国际天文学联合会 OAE 天文摄影比赛光污染类第三名。 这幅金星和昴星团的图像还显示了星链卫星的轨迹。这些卫星位于大约 550 公里的高空,是不断扩大的卫星群的一部分,旨在提供全球互联网接入。卫星的反射表面,以及它们围绕地球运行,意味着需要长时间曝光的天文观测会在图像中捕捉到卫星的 "轨迹"。由于测量结果和数据包含这些 "轨迹",这导致用于科学研究的天文图像无法使用。卫星的数量预计会不断增加,在不久的将来,地球上可能再无任何地方能避开这些卫星划过天空的轨迹。这是一种新型的光污染,似乎正成为我们即将要面对的问题,因为这些卫星可能会阻碍对天空的最佳观测。
Credit: Torsten Hansen/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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