Glossary term: 月球

Description: 月球是自身并不发光的天体，但它会反射落在其上的太阳光。这就产生了月球特有的月相。月球是地球唯一的主要天然卫星，其大小和质量在太阳系内的所有天然卫星中排名第五。在英文中，首字母大写的“Moon”表示月球，而首字母小写的“moon”则表示太阳系内外的其他天然卫星。与太阳系内的其他卫星相比，月球的体积相对于它所环绕行星的体积的占比是最大的。月球沿围绕地球的椭圆轨道运行，与地球的平均距离为38.4万千米。月球没有大气层，物质组分与地球类似，内核富含铁，外层为岩石。这种相似并非偶然：据我们所知，大约45亿年前，地球和一颗火星大小的行星碰撞，产生的碎片最终形成了月球，它的大部分物质来自最初的地球地幔。月球表面既有被称为“月海”的深色区域，也有浅色高地，并布满了陨击坑。月球表面积为3.79×10⁷平方千米，体积为2.20×10¹⁰立方千米，质量为7.35×10²²千克。月球围绕地球运行的轨道周期的确切数值取决于参考系：相对于遥远的恒星，月球每27.3天运行一圈（“恒星月”）。对于地球上的观测者来说，两个新月之间的间隔时间为29.5天（“朔望月”）。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

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Related Media

阿波罗 11 号任务的月面活动

Caption: 美国国家航空航天局宇航员埃德温·巴兹·奥尔德林在月球上进行舱外活动（EVA）时，在阿波罗11号 "鹰 "月球着陆器前安装地震仪。尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在1969年人类首次登月任务中拍摄了这张照片。
Credit: 美国国家航空航天局/阿波罗项目档案 credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons

晕是一种光学现象，在天空中可以看到光的圆圈或弧线。光晕是由明亮物体造成的，例如太阳

塞勒涅与月亮相遇，作者Sheila Wiwchar，加拿大

Caption: 2021 年国际天文学联合会 OAE 天体摄影比赛日/月晕类第一名。这幅精美的鱼眼照片拍摄于加拿大曼尼托巴省的卡莱伊达（Kaleida），捕捉到了环绕月亮的罕见光学现象，即 "22°晕 "，和穿过月亮的水平白圈，即 "幻月环"。与月亮在同一高度环绕整个天空的白色光带是以古希腊提坦女神塞勒涅的名字命名的，她被称为月亮女神。由太阳产生的对应现象更常被观测到，称为 "幻日环"（parhelic circle），以希腊太阳神赫利俄斯的名字命名。22° 晕和幻月环都是由于月光从近乎垂直的冰晶表面反射而产生的。离月球较近的部分是由于外部反射造成的，而离月球较远的部分则是内部反射造成的。位于中心的北斗七星让这幅图像更加壮观。你能发现它吗？
Credit: Sheila Wiwchar/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

红月，法国丹尼尔·亨利昂作品

Caption: 2021年国际天文学联合会教育办公室举办的天体摄影比赛月全食类季军作品。这是 2015 年 9 月 28 日发生的超级月亮月全食的延时摄影照片。照片记录了月球穿过地球本影的过程：地球本影于世界协调时凌晨 1 时 07 分接触月球外缘（左上角），于世界协调时凌晨 4 时 27 分离开月球表面（右下角）。
Credit: 丹尼尔·亨利/国际天文学联合会教育办公室

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

正发生月食的月亮从多洛米蒂山脉（联合国教科文组织世界遗产区）普伦德拉岩峰（Rochetta di Prendera ）附近落下，作者 Alessandra Masi，意大利

Caption: 2021 年国际天文学联合会 OAE 天体摄影比赛月全食类第一名。月食发生于满月进入地球阴影时。这种现象发生在太阳、地球和月球的排布完全或非常接近一条直线时。月球表面反射的红光是太阳光照射月球途中，穿过地球大气层时发生折射造成的。较蓝的光由于瑞利散射作用消失，因此月球表面呈现红色。地球阴影在月球表面显示出的圆形形状，曾被亚里士多德用作地球是球体的证据之一。这张照片拍摄于2019 年 1 月 21 日，展示了被地球阴影笼罩的月球（月食）在意大利多洛米蒂山脉（联合国教科文组织世界遗产区）普伦德拉岩峰（Rochetta di Prendera ）附近落下的景象。
Credit: Alessandra Masi/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

满月

Caption: 这张图像展示了用小型望远镜和单反相机观察到的接近满月的月亮。
Credit: 卢克维亚图尔 credit link

License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported icons

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