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Glossary term: 近地天体

Description: 除了太阳和行星,太阳系还包含许多较小的天体,特别是小行星和彗星。小行星或彗星与地球相撞会带来灾难性的后果。到目前为止,我们所知道的天体中还没有一个会与地球相撞,但还是有一些天体值得我们关注。任何小行星或彗星在其轨道上接近太阳的距离超过地球-太阳距离的 1.3 倍(天文学术语:1.3 天文单位),都被称为近地天体(NEO)。大多数近地天体都是近地小行星(NEA)。

如果近地天体具有以下特性,则被称为潜在危险天体(PHO):首先,它需要比地球-太阳距离的 5%(比 0.05 个天文单位)更接近地球轨道。此外,这种天体还需要有一定的大小--否则就不会对地球构成威胁。太阳系中较小天体的大小很难测量,因此天文学家采用了绝对亮度的最小值来代表--毕竟,天体越大,亮度就可能越高。要成为 PHO,天体的绝对亮度必须达到或超过 22.0 等(天文学测量亮度的标准方法是等级制)。大多数 PHO 都是潜在危险小行星(PHA)。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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