Glossary term: 相位
Description: 在天文学中,相位是指卫星或行星相对于特定观测者而言被部分照亮的状态。远处的光源通常只能照亮球体表面的一半,其余部分仍然是黑暗的。同样,在遥远观测者的视线范围内,也只有球体表面的一半左右。相位决定了观测者视线范围内哪一部分表面被照亮。它随着物体、观察者和光源相对位置的变化而变化。
最广为人知的例子就是月相。月球、作为观测者的地球和作为光源的太阳的相对位置会随着月球绕地球转动而发生变化。因此,在这段时间里,地球上的观测者会看到不同的月相。在观测者的视线中,月球表面全部被照亮的阶段被称为 "满月";当看不到被照亮的表面区域时,是 "新月"。两个被照亮一半的阶段分别称为 "上弦月"或 "下弦月"。照亮区域不足一半时为 "蛾眉月"。
太阳系中的行星也会出现相位(水星和金星尤其明显),系外行星系统也会出现。对于月球来说,即使是没有光照的区域也并非完全黑暗:它们会反射来自地球的光线,这种现象被称为 "地球反照光"(Earthshine),最早由达芬奇记录下来。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
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