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Glossary term: 双鱼座

Description: 双鱼座是黄道带上的一个星座,也就是说,组成这个星座的恒星位于与黄道(由地球绕太阳运行的轨迹所确定的平面)相交的那部分天空。因此,从我们在地球上的视角来看,我们会发现太阳和行星经常落在双鱼座中。就太阳而言,这发生在每年3月中旬到4月中旬,春分节气就包含在其中。(当然,要是太阳位于双鱼座,我们就看不到双鱼座中的恒星了。)双鱼座是国际天文学联合会定义的88个现代星座之一,但其历史可以追溯到更久远的年代——它是公元2世纪的天文学家克罗狄斯·托勒密(Claudius Ptolemy)命名的48个星座之一。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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在银河的前方,我们可以看到沙漏状的猎户座和明亮的昴宿星团。

斯皮什地区的暖冬之夜

Caption: 2022 年国际天文学联合会 OAE 天体摄影比赛静态天体图案类获奖作品。 这张照片于 2022 年 1 月在斯洛伐克拍摄,展现了银河的广袤区域与繁复的星座群像。北半球夏季星座低垂于画面右下方,天鹅座与天琴座的亮星穿透地平线的人造光源。冬季与秋季星座群集北天,诸多明亮恒星承载着多元文化叙事。 北美拉科塔人将猎户座腰带视为野牛脊柱("Tayamnicankh, 塔亚姆尼坎克")。在希腊神话中,猎户座常被描述为猎人,追逐着昴星团七姐妹,而阿拉伯传统将追逐者简化为单星——金牛座右眼恒星毕宿五(Aldebaran),其名源自阿拉伯语"al-dabaran"(追随者)。 画面右下方地平线处,黄道光从双鱼座经白羊座延伸至昴星团附近,勾勒出行星与月球的运行轨迹。昴星团与毕宿星团在此路径上形成"天界之门",天体偶尔会穿过此门进入银河。古巴比伦人将行星视为绵羊,猎户座则被称作"天界真牧者",其牧杖延伸至黄道。罗马传统中,昴星团与银河上方的亮白恒星五车二(Capella)被视作山羊,可追溯至该区域的埃及古星座。 画面中右部树冠上方可见秋季四边形、仙女座星系与W形仙后座。其左侧银河中央区域是英仙座,仙后座上方的仙王座则补全天界家族图谱。仙女座传说源自今以色列地区的希腊故事,根植于叙利亚传统——古巴比伦人视其区域为爱欲女神之地,叙利亚人则视为丰饶女神之所。传说中仙女座被锁于雅法(今特拉维夫)海岸的礁石上,英雄珀尔修斯(其名可能意为"波斯人",今伊朗)将其救赎。 山谷中可见城镇灯火,地平线上方的黄色光晕来自于光污染严重的大城市。
Credit: Robert Barsa/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Related Diagrams


宝瓶座看起来像一系列蜿蜒相连的线条,其轮廓绵延展开。黄道从西南偏西(WSW)方向延伸至东北偏东(ENE)方向,贯穿了宝瓶座的中心。

宝瓶座星图

Caption: 宝瓶座及其明亮恒星与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向,宝瓶座周边的星座依次为:飞马座、小马座、天鹰座、摩羯座、南鱼座、玉夫座、鲸鱼座和双鱼座。宝瓶座位于黄道上。从地球看来,太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动,所经过的路径称为黄道,在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳在每年二月中旬到三月中旬位于宝瓶座。太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在宝瓶座。 宝瓶座横跨天赤道,因此在地球上的任何地方,一年中的某些时候都能看到它。在地球南北两极,宝瓶座的某些部分可能不可见。宝瓶座在北半球的秋季和南半球的春季夜晚最适宜观测。 球状星团M2和M72在图中以叠加了十字符号的黄色圆圈标注。行星状星云NGC 7293(螺旋星云)和NGC 7002(土星状星云)在图中以叠加了十字符号的绿色圆圈标注。M73在图中以叉号标注,它是一个偶然形成的恒星群,之前被错误归类为疏散星团。 该图的纵轴为赤纬,横轴为赤经,方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准,较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序,最亮的一般被标记为α星,第二亮的一般为β星,等等,不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界,绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是,在实际观测时,这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 由国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室根据国际天文学联合会/《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


双鱼座呈现为指向西南的V字形,每条线的末端都带有一个环。黄道从西南偏西(WSW)方向延伸至东北偏东(ENE)方向,贯穿了双鱼座。

双鱼座星图

Caption: 双鱼座及其明亮恒星与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向,双鱼座周边的星座依次为:仙女座、飞马座、宝瓶座、鲸鱼座、白羊座和三角座。双鱼座位于黄道上。从地球看来,太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动,所经过的路径称为黄道,在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳在每年三月中旬到四月中旬位于双鱼座。因此,春分时太阳位于双鱼座——黄道在这里与天赤道相交,而太阳在春分时的位置即为赤道坐标系中赤经坐标的原点。太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在双鱼座。 双鱼座横跨天赤道,因此在地球上的任何地方,一年中的某些时候都能看到它。在地球南北两极,双鱼座的某些部分可能不可见。双鱼座在北半球的秋季和南半球的春季夜晚最适宜观测。 宏伟的螺旋星系M74在图中以红色小圆圈标注。 该图的纵轴为赤纬,横轴为赤经,方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准,较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序,最亮的一般被标记为α星,第二亮的一般为β星,等等,不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界,绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是,在实际观测时,这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室(IAU OAE)根据国际天文学联合会和《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


白羊座内的亮星很少,仅有的几颗亮星位于其北部,在图中以曲线相连。黄道从西南偏西(WSW)方向延伸至东北偏东(ENE)方向。

白羊座星图

Caption: 白羊座及其明亮恒星与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向,白羊座周边的星座依次为:三角座、双鱼座、鲸鱼座、金牛座和英仙座。白羊座位于黄道上。从地球看来,太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动,所经过的路径称为黄道,在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳在每年四月中旬到五月中旬位于白羊座。因太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在白羊座。 白羊座位于天赤道的正北方,因此在地球上,除了南极地区以外,一年中的某些时候都能看到它。白羊座在北半球的冬季和南半球的夏季夜晚最适宜观测。 该图的纵轴为赤纬,横轴为赤经,方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准,较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序,最亮的一般被标记为α星,第二亮的一般为β星,等等,不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界,绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是,在实际观测时,这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室(IAU OAE)根据国际天文学联合会和《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


Pegasus appears as a square with lines extending west from its western two vertices

Pegasus Constellation Map

Caption: The constellation Pegasus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Pegasus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Lacerta, Cygnus, Vulpecula, Delphinus, Equuleus, Aquarius, Pisces and Andromeda. Pegasus is known for the prominent asterism the “Square of Pegasus” which consists of its three brightest stars plus the brightest star in Andromeda. Pegasus is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to southern hemisphere equatorial and temperate zones with parts of the constellation visible from all but the most antarctic regions. Pegasus is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring. The globular cluster M15 lies in Pegasus and is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it. The spiral galaxy NGC 7331 also lies in Pegasus and is marked here with a red ellipse. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


The bright stars in Triangulum form an isosceles triangle pointing south west

Triangulum Constellation Map

Caption: The constellation Triangulum with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Triangulum is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Andromeda, Pisces, Aries and Perseus. Triangulum is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and most temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Triangulum is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. The Triangulum Galaxy M33 lies in the constellation. This spiral galaxy is the third largest member of the local group of galaxies after the Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way. It is marked here with a red ellipse. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom left of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons