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Glossary term: 冥王星

Description: 冥王星是太阳系中的天体之一。它位于柯伊伯带,在海王星轨道之外。它曾被称为太阳系第九大行星,但在 2006 年被重新归类为矮行星。它于 1930 年被克莱德-汤博发现。冥王星与太阳的平均距离为 60 亿千米,半径为 1185 千米(比地球的卫星还小)。冥王星上的一年相当于地球上的 247.9 年,一天相当于地球上的 6.4 天。

2015年,美国国家航空航天局的 "新视野 "号飞船成为第一个飞越冥王星的航天器,并首次提供了冥王星表面及其大气层的详细信息。冥王星表面非常寒冷,几乎没有氢可以以气态形式存在。冥王星仅有的一点大气主要是氮气,表面有大片冰冻的氮气平原。它的大气层延伸到1600千米的距离。冥王星由岩石(70%)和冰(30%)组成。它有五颗已知的卫星:卡戎(Charon)、斯提克斯(Styx)、尼克斯(Nix)、刻耳柏洛斯(Kerberos)和海德拉(Hydra)。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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Related Media


冥王星的增强彩色图像,用于突出表面成分的差异。这些特征包括陨石坑、山脊和平原。

冥王星

Caption: 美国宇航局的 "新视野" 号航天器于 2015 年 7 月拍摄到了这张矮行星冥王星的高分辨率增强彩色图像。该图像结合了拉尔夫/多光谱视觉成像相机(MVIC)拍摄的蓝色、红色和红外线图像。在这张照片中,冥王星的表面呈现出淡蓝色、黄色、橙色和深红色的彩虹般色调。该图像可以分辨出小至 1.3 公里范围内的细节和色彩。
Credit: 美国宇航局/约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室/西南研究所 credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


Graphics showing the Sun, the planets and the dwarf planet pluto with text in Arabic

Pluto: The Long Journey Around the Sun

Caption: This infographic is part of the "Simplifying Astronomy for Arabic Speakers" project, aiming to present fascinating facts about the dwarf planet Pluto and its long journey around the Sun. Pluto: The Mysterious Dwarf Planet Pluto is a dwarf planet that orbits the Sun within the Kuiper Belt, a region filled with icy and rocky objects beyond Neptune’s orbit. It was first discovered in 1930 by astronomer Clyde Tombaugh. For decades, Pluto was classified as the ninth planet in the Solar System, but in 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) redefined the criteria for planets, placing Pluto in the dwarf planet category. A Very Long Orbital Journey Pluto takes 248 Earth years to complete a single orbit around the Sun! Since its discovery in 1930, it has not yet completed one full revolution. However, it will finally complete its first full orbit since its discovery on March 23, 2178. This means that future generations will witness this rare astronomical event. Pluto’s Unique Characteristics It has an average distance of 5.9 billion kilometers from the Sun. Pluto has a thin atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. It has five moons, the largest of which is Charon, forming a binary system with Pluto. Its surface is covered in ice, with vast nitrogen plains, such as the famous Tombaugh Region. Why Is Studying Pluto Important? Despite being classified as a dwarf planet, Pluto remains one of the most intriguing objects in the Solar System. NASA’s New Horizons mission (2015) provided breathtaking details about Pluto, helping scientists better understand its composition and history. Pluto is not just a distant dwarf planet; it serves as a window into the early formation of the Solar System. As research continues, this small world may reveal astonishing secrets about the origins of our planetary system and the universe itself.
Credit: Ali Al-Edhari

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Related Activities


Children's Planetary Maps: Pluto & Charon

Children's Planetary Maps: Pluto & Charon

astroEDU educational activity (links to astroEDU website)
Description: Learn about our furthest neighbors

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Tags: Maps , Planetary cartography , Spatial thinking , Charon
Age Ranges: 6-8 , 8-10 , 10-12 , 12-14
Education Level: Middle School , Primary , Secondary
Areas of Learning: Social Research
Costs: Low Cost
Duration: 2 hours
Group Size: Group
Skills: Analysing and interpreting data , Asking questions , Communicating information , Constructing explanations , Developing and using models , Engaging in argument from evidence , Planning and carrying out investigations