Description: 射电望远镜接收来自太空的无线电波。 根据观测波长的不同，有的射电望远镜呈抛物线形状，类似于卫星天线，焦点处有一个接收器，也有的是金属棒状，有时被称为偶极子天线。接收到电磁信号后，信号会被放大并通过计算机进行处理。射电望远镜可以是一个碟形天线，也可以是多个天线连接在一起形成的干涉仪。在干涉仪中，一台名为相关器的特殊计算机将来自不同射电望远镜的信号组合成新的信息，然后将信息处理成图像。射电望远镜主要观测无线电波，频率范围约为 30 兆赫兹到 300 千兆赫兹，或波长为 10 米到 1 毫米。各个望远镜和接收器都针对这一波段内的特定区域进行了优化。有些射电天线经过优化，可以观测到电磁波谱中被称为亚毫米波的一类波长稍短的电磁辐射。

Related Terms:

• 电磁辐射
• 射电天文学
• 射电波

Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

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