Glossary term: 光谱
Description: 光穿过水滴，光线将分成紫色、蓝色、绿色到黄色、橙色和红色的基本颜色，这就形成了彩虹。每种颜色对应一个波长范围，彩虹的颜色是按照从紫到红的波长递增顺序排列的。这种按波长分解的光（或更一般的说法，电磁辐射）被称为光谱。
电磁辐射是由被称为“光子”的光粒子混合而成的。光谱相当于按能量对光子进行分类，并记录每个特定能量范围内有多少光子。根据量子力学的基本定律，这等同于按频率对光进行分类——这是描述光谱的另一种方式。
如果能量随波长（或光子能量，或频率）的变化平滑变化，则称为连续光谱。与此相反，光谱中某些波长处的尖锐凹陷或峰值分别称为吸收线和发射线。这些线是由于原子或分子（甚至原子核）内部不同能级之间的跃迁而产生的，它们会吸收或发射特定波长的辐射。例如，在可见光中，恒星会显示出带有吸收线的连续光谱。这些吸收线包含恒星化学成分的信息。对光谱的分析称为光谱学；能够记录光谱的仪器称为光谱仪、分光计或摄谱仪。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons
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License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons
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