Glossary term: 时间
Description: 我们每个人对时间都有一个基本的概念:从过去到现在,再到未来,事件一个接一个地发生。然而,时间并不是看得见、听得到、闻得到、摸得到或尝得到的东西。不过,它是可以测量的,而这正是时间在天文学和物理学中的重要性所在。
我们测量时间的方法是,将正在发生的事情的持续时间与时钟上测量的持续时间进行比较,或者,对于较长的时间,与日历上测量的持续时间进行比较。传统上,这种时间测量是以地球自转为基础的。地球自转一圈所需的时间(根据太阳的位置判断)就是一天的长度。通常的会讲一天分为 24 小时,每小时分为 60 分钟,每分钟分为 60 秒,这提供了额外的时间单位。
自 1967 年起,时间的定义改用铯-133 原子钟测量的一秒时间("SI 秒")。在此基础上定义了几种时间系统,特别是世界时间(UTC),它被用于全世界的官方计时;还有所谓的儒略日及其变体,它是天文学中使用的一种连续计数天数的方法。
爱因斯坦的狭义相对论和广义相对论表明,时钟上流逝的时间既取决于时钟的运动,也取决于重力的影响。这些相对论效应需要在高精度的时间测量中加以考虑,例如使用全球定位系统(GPS)卫星进行的测量。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
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