Glossary term: 黑洞
Description: 黑洞是引力非常大的一个空间区域，引力大到任何东西，甚至光都无法从中逃脱。
包括银河系在内的许多星系中心都有一个大黑洞（被称为超大质量黑洞）。
天文学家认为，较小质量黑洞的形成方式之一是大质量恒星在其生命末期发生坍缩形成的。 不过，天文学家还不知道超大质量黑洞的起源。
黑洞的外边界被称为事件视界。
黑洞附近的物理现象非常极端，以至于时间运行得更慢（与远离黑洞的观察者相比），并且在较小质量的黑洞周围，物体会被拉伸和撕裂成碎片。落向黑洞的物质形成吸积盘。这通常伴随着从该圆盘发出的物质喷流。黑洞吸积盘是类星体和其他活动星系核（AGN）以及许多其他 X 射线源的能量来源。
Related Terms:
See this term in other languages
Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
If you notice a factual or translation error in this glossary term or definition then please get in touch.
Related Activities
Hunting for black holes
astroEDU educational activity (links to astroEDU website) Description: How do astronomers detect invisible black holes?
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Tags:
Model
, Experiment
Age Ranges:
12-14
Education Level:
Informal
, Middle School
Areas of Learning:
Modelling
, Observation based
, Problem-solving
, Social Research
Costs:
Low Cost
Duration:
45 mins
Group Size:
Group
Skills:
Constructing explanations
, Developing and using models
What is a black hole?
astroEDU educational activity (links to astroEDU website) Description: What are black holes and what would happen if the Sun was replaced by one of them?
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Tags:
Model
, Experiment
, Investigation
Age Ranges:
12-14
Education Level:
Informal
, Middle School
Areas of Learning:
Discussion Groups
, Interactive Lecture
, Modelling
, Observation based
, Problem-solving
, Social Research
Costs:
Low Cost
Duration:
45 mins
Group Size:
Group
Skills:
Constructing explanations
, Developing and using models
, Engaging in argument from evidence
, Planning and carrying out investigations
Model of a Black Hole
astroEDU educational activity (links to astroEDU website) Description: Understand the mystery of black holes through a hands-on activity.
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Tags:
Hands-on
, Model
, Interactive
, Space-time
, Black holes
Age Ranges:
8-10
, 10-12
Education Level:
Primary
, Secondary
Areas of Learning:
Modelling
, Social Research
Costs:
Medium Cost
Duration:
1 hour
Group Size:
Group
Skills:
Asking questions
, Developing and using models
