Glossary term: 巨星
Description: 巨星是指與其他具有相同顏色的恆星相比,體積和亮度都異常巨大的恆星。恆星並非一開始就是巨星,而是在演化的不同階段間歇性地變成巨星。
對於並非巨星的大多數恆星來說,它們的顏色和光度(即單位時間內釋放的能量)之間有著直接的關係。這些恆星被稱為“主序星”,它們釋放的能量來自於內核區域氫向氦的核聚變。當內核區域的氫供應耗盡時,氫聚變會在內核周圍的外殼中繼續進行,恆星會膨脹並變得更亮、更紅。最終,恆星中心的溫度可能會高到足以使比氫更重的元素發生核聚變,從而為恆星提供額外的能量來源。在這一轉換過程中,這類恆星會膨脹到更大的體積,冷卻後變得更紅,整體上也會變得更亮——它們被稱為紅巨星。以太陽為例,當它膨脹成為紅巨星時,體積和亮度都會增大數百倍,溫度也會降低很多。而對質量不同的恆星來說,它們還會經歷更多的進化階段,這些階段通常很短暫,這些恆星會變成藍巨星,甚至是更亮的紅超巨星或藍超巨星。
巨星的光度型被定為III,比亞巨星(光度型為IV)更亮,但比亮巨星(光度型為II)和超巨星(光度型為I)更暗。
總的來說,巨星非常罕見。這是因為巨星階段的持續時間相對較短(對於像太陽這樣的恆星來說,巨星階段的持續時間只有幾億年,而主序星階段的持續時間為百億年)。但由於它們的光度很高,因此在夜空中肉眼可見的恆星中,巨星的比例明顯偏高。
紅巨星的例子包括牧夫座的大角星,以及鯨魚座的蒭藁增二。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
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