Glossary term: 電離

Description: 電離是原本中性的原子失去電子或者得到電子的過程，從而使由中性原子（或分子）組成的氣體轉變為由帶電離子組成的氣體，即等離子體。

Related Terms:

Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

Related Media

A Y-shaped band of light with light and dark patches, in the colours green and pink glows in the sky over some buildings

Till the End of the World, by Hang Li, China

Caption: First place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Aurorae (time-lapses). Aurorae are often called "Northern Lights" in Europe or North America but here we see that they also exist at the extreme south of our planet. Taken at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica, this time-lapse (speeded up) video shows how some bands of Aurora can remain stable over longer times while other features appear to "dance". See how many different patterns of swirls and waves you can spot in the video.
Credit: Hang Li/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

西班牙塞爾吉奧·迪亞茲·魯伊斯拍攝的《冰島光之河》。

Caption: 2021年國際天文學聯合會（IAU）OAE天文攝影比賽極光類別（延時攝影）二等獎。這段視頻展示了極光如何在幾分鐘的時間尺度上緩慢演變。注意最後兩個鏡頭中從後面照亮的雲層。極光是由太陽爆發中噴出的帶電粒子與地球磁場相互作用引起的。隨時間變化的原因是巨大的粒子波推動地球磁場形成奇怪的形狀，然後磁場會恢復原狀。
Credit: Sergio Díaz Ruiz/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

意大利科爾蒂納天文協會代表馬爾科·米利亞爾迪拍攝的冰島多彩極光。

Caption: 2021年國際天文學聯合會（IAU）OAE天文攝影比賽極光類別（靜態圖像）一等獎。極光是地球高層大氣電離和激發過程的結果，由太陽風或日冕物質拋射產生的帶電粒子引起。極光中不同的顏色顯示了參與反應的大氣原子和分子的種類。最常見的顏色是明亮的綠色，它與深紅色一起源自原子氧。藍色、紫色和粉色的色調則較為罕見，來源於分子氮。極光在水中的倒影顯示瞭高緯度地區強烈極光的亮度。
Credit: 馬爾科·米利亞爾迪代表科爾蒂納天文協會/IAU OAE。

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

北極光龍盤旋於挪威埃爾斯峽灣上空

Caption: 2021年國際天文學聯合會（IAU）OAE天文攝影比賽極光類別（靜態圖像）二等獎。極光經常呈現出波浪狀的幕布圖案，其中的弧形或帶狀光束會形成移動的卷曲、褶皺，甚至螺旋狀結構。這些不規則的形狀反映了地球磁場的小尺度結構與帶電粒子流之間的相互作用。儘管滿月照亮了地景和夜空，極光依然清晰可見，這表明極光可以是一種非常明亮且色彩豐富的現象。
Credit: Rainer Sparenberg/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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