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Glossary term: 光汙染

Description: 光汙染是指由於例如路燈等過量或不完美的(向地平線以上方向發射)的人工照明,而導致夜空變亮的現象。它會造成極大的影響,它擾亂了對恆星、行星和其他天體的觀測;它改變生態系統並影響生物的自然週期。此外,光汙染也是對資金和資源的低效利用。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

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Related Media


一棵樹矗立在夜空前,地平線處彌漫的黃色光輝遮蔽了天空下方的星辰。

艾菲爾國家公園星空,作者:韓東(音譯),中國

Caption: 2021年國際天文學聯合會教育辦公室天文攝影大賽光汙染類別一等獎作品 光汙染是人類活動產生的過量人造光造成的,主要是工業化的副產品。這種汙染通常在與人類活動程度高的人口稠密相關區域最為明顯,例如街道照明、交通系統、建築物和住宅的燈光。但它也可能來自其他地方,如海上的船隻和石油平臺。這張照片拍攝於2018年比利時的一座國家公園,展現了光汙染對將所有人類連接在一起的最珍貴資源——夜空——所造成的破壞性影響。
Credit: 韓東(音譯)/國際天文學聯合會教育辦公室

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


這是一張由六張圖像組成的合成圖,呈現為垂直條紋。最右側的圖像展示了繁星密布的夜空,隨著向左移動,星空逐漸被淹沒在人造光源的光汙染中。

真實的光汙染全景,作者托馬斯・斯洛文斯基, 斯洛伐克

Caption: 2021 年國際天文學聯合會 OAE 天文攝影比賽光汙染類第二名。 這張2020年在斯洛伐克拍攝的合成圖展示了光汙染地區因人工照明造成的影響。光汙染越嚴重,我們能觀測到的天空景象就越少。注意從右到左,即使對於靈敏的數碼相機,能看到的星星數量也在減少。光汙染不僅影響夜空中天體的可見度,還對生態系統產生重大影響,許多動物也受到了負面影響,例如遷徙的夜行鳥可能會遇到難以找到遷徙方向的問題,海龜可能會被海灘附近沿海城市的燈光所迷惑,從而錯過產卵的地點。光汙染還可能對人類健康產生負面影響。因此,保護黑暗寧靜的夜空對整個地球及其上豐富的生命至關重要。
Credit: Tomáš Slovinský/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


明亮的條紋形成豎條,遮蔽了星空

衛星群與夜空之美,作者 Torsten Hansen,德國

Caption: 2021 年國際天文學聯合會 OAE 天文攝影比賽光汙染類第三名。 這幅金星和昴星團的圖像還顯示了星鍊衛星的軌跡。這些衛星位於大約 550 公裡的高空,是不斷擴大的衛星群的一部分,旨在提供全球互聯網接入。衛星的反射表面,以及它們圍繞地球運行,意味著需要長時間曝光的天文觀測會在圖像中捕捉到衛星的 "軌跡"。由於測量結果和數據包含這些 "軌跡",這導致用於科學研究的天文圖像無法使用。衛星的數量預計會不斷增加,在不久的將來,地球上可能再無任何地方能避開這些衛星劃過天空的軌跡。這是一種新型的光汙染,似乎正成為我們即將要面對的問題,因為這些衛星可能會阻礙對天空的最佳觀測。
Credit: Torsten Hansen/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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