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Glossary term: 原子核

Description: 我們周圍見到的所有物質都由原子組成,而每個原子又都由電子和原子核組成。原子核體積很小、位於原子中心,核外電子圍繞在原子核周圍。原子核由帶正電荷的質子和不帶電荷的中子組成。雖然質子因其電荷而相互排斥,但有一種更強大的力,稱為強核力或簡稱強力,將原子核固定在一起。由具有相同質子數的原子核組成的原子,屬於同一化學元素。

原子核非常微小,尺度只有原子的十萬分之一,因此從某種意義上說,原子的大部分都是空的!原子核通常占原子總質量的 99.9% 以上。如此微小的質量使得原子核的密度非常高,典型密度為十億億千克每立方米。

原子核在天體物理學的不同領域都很重要。在恆星內部,當較輕的原子核(從氫開始,其原子核是一個質子)發生聚變,逐漸形成較重的原子核時,能量就會釋放出來——這就是恆星源源不斷發光的原因。恆星內部核聚變可以形成的重原子核到鐵為止,而超新星爆發和某些冷恆星的內部可以形成更重的原子核。宇宙大爆炸後不久,在短暫的“大爆炸核合成”階段,氫原子核聚變成氦元素以及痕量的其他元素。中子星作為大質量恆星在超新星爆發後的殘骸,主要由中子堆積而成,密度與原子核相似。某些類型的原子核在被剝離電子後,作為恆星風的一部分被恆星釋放出來,或者作為宇宙射線在太空深處傳播。

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This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

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