Glossary term: 廣義相對論
Description: “廣義相對論”發表於 1915 年,是愛因斯坦將空間、時間和引力聯繫起來的理論。在該理論中,引力不是一種普通的力。相反,質量或其他引力源會扭曲其附近的空間和時間。這種扭曲會改變自由落體的運動方式。例如,當行星繞太陽運行時,並不是因為有吸引力--而是因為行星在扭曲的空間和時間中(或者更準確地說:在 "時空 "中,因為在愛因斯坦的理論中,時空是統一的)直線運動。廣義相對論的核心方程,即愛因斯坦方程,描述了時空幾何與該時空所含物質的質量及其性質(具體來說是能量密度或質量密度,以及壓強)之間的聯繫。套用約翰-惠勒(John Wheeler)的說法,通過愛因斯坦場方程,物質告訴時空如何彎曲,而時空則告訴物質如何運動。愛因斯坦的理論預測了天體運行軌道的修正,在太陽系中可以通過對水星軌道近日點進動現象觀察到。而這一現象在兩個非常緻密的天體相互繞行這類的雙中子星系統中更為明顯。此外,在衛星導航系統中,廣義相對論描述重力對時鐘的影響也發揮了作用。該理論還預言了新的現象,這些現象已成為天體物理學重要的一部分:光線偏折,可觀測到所謂的引力透鏡效應;黑洞是某些恆星的超緊密終態和星系的中心成分,引力波是獲取黑洞合併等信息的一種方式。廣義相對論還是宇宙膨脹模型的基礎。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
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