Glossarbegriffe: Umlaufbahn
Description: Eine Umlaufbahn beschreibt die Bewegung eines Objekts in einem System um den Massenschwerpunkt dieses Systems, der durch die gegenseitige Anziehungskraft der Objekte im System entsteht. In Systemen wie dem Sonnensystem, in dem der Zentralkörper viel massereicher als die anderen Objekte ist, liegt dieser Massenschwerpunkt innerhalb oder in der Nähe des massereichsten Objekts. Im Fall des Sonnensystems ist das die Sonne. In einem Doppelsternsystem liegt der Massenschwerpunkt, um den sich die Sterne bewegen, oft zwischen den beiden Sternen.
Umlaufbahnen haben in der Regel eine elliptische Form. Dabei liegt der Massenschwerpunkt des Systems in einem der zwei Brennpunkte der Ellipse. Die Größe und Form der Umlaufbahn wird durch die Hauptachse und die Exzentrizität der Ellipse bestimmt. Die Exzentrizität einer Ellipse beschreibt vereinfacht gesagt, wie sehr die Ellipse von der Kreisform abweicht: Je größer die Exzentrizität, desto weniger kreisförmig ist eine Umlaufbahn. Die meisten Planeten im Sonnensystem bewegen sich auf fast kreisförmigen Umlaufbahnen mit einer Bahnexzentrizität sehr nahe bei Null, z. B. Venus (0,007), Erde (0,017), mit Ausnahme von Merkur (0,206) und dem Zwergplaneten Pluto (0,244).
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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Jupiter's Rotation, by Vishal Sharma, India
Bildnachweis: Vishal Sharma/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Jupiter Moons Movie2, by Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo, and Carl Pennypacker, United States of America
Bildnachweis: Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo and Carl Pennypacker/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Jupiter, Io and its shadow, by Ralf Burkart, Germany
Bildnachweis: Ralf Burkart/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
The orbit of beta Pictoris b
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