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Glossarbegriffe: Polarlicht

Also known as Aurora
Redirected from Aurora Borealis

Description: Ein Polarlicht ist eine diffuse, farblich unterschiedliche Leuchterscheinungen in der Erdatmosphäre, das hauptsächlich in den Polarregionen auftritt. Im Norden ist es als Nordlicht oder Aurora borealis bekannt, im Süden als Südlicht oder Aurora australis.

Polarlichter variieren in ihrer Farbe von grünlich-weiß bis rot, treten hauptsächlich in Höhen von etwa 100 Kilometern auf und bilden sich um zwei unregelmäßige Polarlicht-Ovale, die auf den Magnetpolen der Erde zentriert sind. Sie entstehen, wenn geladene Teilchen aus dem Sonnenwind oder koronalen Massenauswürfen (CMEs) in der Magnetosphäre der Erde eingefangen werden, durch Magnetfelder in der oberen Atmosphäre konzentriert werden und spiralförmig entlang der Magnetfeldlinien der Erde in Richtung der Pole wandern. Die Wechselwirkungen dieser geladenen Teilchen mit Atomen und Molekülen in der Atmosphäre führen zu den Polarlichterscheinungen. In Zeiten hoher Sonnenaktivität gibt es verstärkt Polarlichter. Auch auf anderen Planeten des Sonnensystems sind bereits Polarlichter beobachtet worden, insbesondere auf Jupiter und Saturn.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

This translation is based on an older version of the English glossary term and definition

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A Y-shaped band of light with light and dark patches, in the colours green and pink glows in the sky over some buildings

Till the End of the World, by Hang Li, China

Bildunterschriften: First place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Aurorae (time-lapses). Aurorae are often called "Northern Lights" in Europe or North America but here we see that they also exist at the extreme south of our planet. Taken at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica, this time-lapse (speeded up) video shows how some bands of Aurora can remain stable over longer times while other features appear to "dance". See how many different patterns of swirls and waves you can spot in the video.
Bildnachweis: Hang Li/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


An all-sky image with the sky as a dark blue circle. A curved band of light stretches from top to bottom

Under the Stars with Steve, by Sheila Wiwchar, Canada

Bildunterschriften: Third place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Aurorae (time-lapses). This is a strange atmospheric phenomenon known as Steve. This is similar to an aurora as it is caused by charged particles interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. However unlike aurorae, the particles which cause Steve are generated high in the Earth's atmosphere rather than coming from the Sun. Note the banded "picket fence" appearance. This is caused by waves of these particles in the upper atmosphere. The name Steve was chosen by the first group to describe this phenomenon as a familiar name for something unknown. Sheila Wiwchar/IAU OAE
Bildnachweis: Wiwchar, Sheila; IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


Curved green bands of light radiate out from the horizon, diffusing to wider bands at the top of the image.

Icelandic Rivers of Light, by Sergio Díaz Ruiz, Spain

Bildunterschriften: Second place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Aurorae (time-lapses) This video shows how aurorae evolve slowly over timescales of a few minutes. Note the clouds being illuminated from behind in the last two shots. Aurorae are caused by interactions between the charged particles blown out in huge explosions from the Sun and the Earth's magnetic field. The changes over time are caused by huge waves of particles pushing the Earth's magnetic field into strange shapes before it snaps back into place.
Bildnachweis: Sergio Díaz Ruiz/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


The left side of the image shows the sky glowing green. The right side has a darker sky but has green streaks

Multicolored aurora in Iceland, by Marco Migliardi on behalf of Associazione Astronomica Cortina, Italy

Bildunterschriften: First place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Aurorae (still images) Aurorae are the result of ionisation and excitation processes in Earth's upper atmosphere, caused by charged particles from the solar wind or from coronal mass ejections. The different colours in an aurora display indicate the species of atmospheric atoms and molecules involved. The most common colour is a bright green, which, together with deep red, originates from atomic oxygen. Blue, purple and pink hues are much rarer and originate from molecular nitrogen. The reflection of the aurora in the water indicates the brightness of intense aurorae at higher latitudes.
Bildnachweis: Marco Migliardi on behalf of Associazione Astronomica Cortina/IAU OAE.

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


A green, curved, y-shaped band of light over a mountainous horizon

Northern light dragon over Ersfjordbotn/Norway

Bildunterschriften: Second place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Aurorae (still images) Aurorae often display waving curtain-like patterns where arcs or bands form moving curls, folds, or even spirals. These irregular shapes mirror the small-scale structure of Earth's magnetic field interacting with charged particle flows. Although the full Moon illuminates both the landscape and the night sky, the auroa is easily visible, which demonstrates that it can be a very bright and colourful phenomenon.
Bildnachweis: Rainer Sparenberg/IAU OAE

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