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Glossarbegriffe: Adaptive Optik

Description: Wenn du nachts nach oben schaust, siehst du vielleicht die Sterne funkeln. Das liegt daran, dass die Luft in der Erdatmosphäre immer in Bewegung ist. Durchquert das Licht eines Sterns eine Region mit Turbulenzen, wird es deshalb unterschiedlich stark abgelenkt. Deshalb ist das, was wir am Himmel sehen, nicht ein einziger gleichmäßiger Lichtpunkt für jeden Stern, sondern eine tanzende, sich ständig verändernde, verzerrte Folge von Punkten. Für Astronomen bedeutet das Funkeln, dass sie Himmelsobjekte nicht so detailliert abbilden können, wie es ihre großen erdgebundenen Teleskope sonst eigentlich könnten. Die adaptive Optik ist eine Möglichkeit, diesen Effekt abzuschwächen. Mit Hilfe eines echten Sterns oder eines mit einem Laser projizierten "künstlichen Sterns" überwacht ein System der adaptiven Optik ("AO") die atmosphärischen Verzerrungen in Echtzeit. Das in das Teleskop eintretende Licht wird auf einen verformbaren Spiegel gelenkt. Dieser Spiegel wird von einem Computer gesteuert und kontinuierlich verformt, um der atmosphärischen Verzerrung entgegenzuwirken.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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The planet beta Pictoris b is a bright dot close to its parent star. Around this we see a warm disk edge-on

beta Pictoris b

Bildunterschriften: This composite of two images shows the planet beta Pictoris b and a disk of material both of which orbit the young star beta Pictoris. Both are taken in infrared light. The inner image was one of the first pictures taken of a planet around another star (an exoplanet). This image was made using a technique called adaptive optics which removes the blurring effect of the Earth's atmosphere that spreads out a star's light. The star's light is then concentrated tightly enough that it can be hidden behind a blocking circle (shown here in black) called a coronagraph. The ripples around this are artifacts of the imaging process. Beta Pictoris b, a gas giant planet about twelve times the mass of Jupiter, appears as a dot above and to the left of the black circle. The outer image shows the thermal emission from the warm disk of material surrounding the young star beta Pictoris. As we are viewing this disk edge-on it appears as a line. This disk of gas and dust provided the material to form beta Pictoris b.
Bildnachweis: ESO/A.-M. Lagrange et al. credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


The four telescope domes of VLT. One dome is open and firing laser beams. In the sky, the moon has a ring of light around it.

ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Paranal Observatory with a lunar halo

Bildunterschriften: The Very Large Telescope on Cerro Paranal in Chile has four reflecting telescopes each with a primary mirror 8.2m across. In this image one dome is open and firing laser beams into the sky. These lasers create artificial stars in the sky that can be used to adjust the telescope optics to remove the blurring effect of the Earth's atmosphere. This process is known as adaptive optics. In the sky the Moon is surrounded by a bright halo. This is caused by light from the moon reflecting inside ice crystals in the Earth's atmosphere.
Bildnachweis: Juan Carlos Muñoz-Mateos/ESO credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons