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This page describes an image Forgoing the Summer Triangle as it sets in the early winter evening

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Image caption: Winner in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.

 

This image was taken from Nagano, Japan, in December 2018, and shows three prominent constellations: Aquila (towards the lower-left of the image), Cygnus (in the upper part of the image) and Lyra (bottom-right). The brightest stars within these constellations (Altair, Deneb and Vega) form the three vertices of the asterism known as the Summer Triangle. The star Altair is the brightest star towards the bottom-left of the image, Deneb is the brightest star towards the top-right of the image, and Vega is the brightest star towards the bottom-right of the image.

In Asian cultures the stars Vega and Altair represent a love story between the weaver girl and the herdsman, who are separated by the faint band of the Milky Way, but in July are allowed to cross the heavenly river (the Milky Way) to be together.

The Boorong people of Northeast Victoria, Australia, associate the reappearance of Vega — after its yearly disappearance from view — with the time when the Mallee fowls build nests. The Boorong also associate their indigenous constellation Neilloan with the goddess Mallee-hen (Vega), mother of Totyarguil (Altair), the hero who created the Murray River. In Wardaman traditions, the star Vega acts as a gateway to the Milky Way for spirits of the deceased.

The star name Altair is abbreviated from the Arabic “Al-Nasr Al-Ta’ir” (meaning “The Flying Eagle”) proving that the constellation of the Eagle (Aquila) is one of the most stable ones in history. Originating from the Babylonian epoch (carrying a king towards the sky), it was taken over by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabs. The star name Deneb comes from the Arabic word “dhanab”, meaning “tail”, and refers to the Greek constellation of The Bird that is interpreted in the Roman tradition as a Swan (Cygnus), and as a Hen in the Arabic world. The third star name, Vega, comes from the Arabic “Al-Nasr Al-Waqi”, meaning “The Swooping Eagle'', because the indigenous (pre-Islamic) Arabic culture had a second eagle in the area of the Greek constellation Lyra. In the Early Modern Age, some Christian astronomers, inspired by the Arabic tradition, depicted this constellation as an eagle or vulture holding a lyre.

The image also shows a range of other constellations, including Delphinus, Sagitta, and Vulpecula. According to Greek mythology, Sagitta, The Arrow, carried the god of light and the goddess of fertility. In winter they set in the evening but in spring they rise again in the east, and are present for longer and longer in order to make the land fruitful and agriculture successful.
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Image credit: Kouij Ohnishi/IAU OAO
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7425185
Related glossary terms: Asterism
Categories: Naked Eye Astronomy

Image license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons

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If you notice a factual error in this caption or an error in any of its translations then please get in touch.

Captions in Different Languages:

German
Image caption: Auszeichnung beim IAU OAE Astrofoto-Wettbewerb 2022, Kategorie Weitwinkelaufnahmen von Himmelsmustern



Dieses Bild wurde im Dezember 2018 in Nagano in Japan aufgenommen und zeigt drei markante Sternbilder: den Adler (lat. Aquila, unten links im Bild), den Schwan (lat. Cygnus, im oberen Teil des Bildes) und die Leier (lat. Lyra, unten rechts). Die hellsten Sterne in diesen Sternbildern (Altair, Deneb und Vega) bilden die drei Eckpunkte des Sommerdreiecks. Der Stern Altair ist der hellste Stern unten links im Bild, Deneb ist der hellste Stern oben rechts im Bild und Vega ist der hellste Stern unten rechts im Bild.

In asiatischen Kulturen stellen die Sterne Vega und Altair eine Liebesgeschichte zwischen dem Webermädchen und dem Hirten dar, die durch das schwache Band der Milchstraße getrennt sind, aber im Juli den himmlischen Fluss (die Milchstraße) überqueren dürfen, um zusammen zu sein.

Das Volk der Boorong in Nordost-Victoria, Australien, verbindet das Wiedererscheinen der Vega - nach ihrem jährlichen Verschwinden aus dem Blickfeld - mit der Zeit, in der die Mallee-Hühner ihre Nester bauen. Die Boorong assoziieren ihr indigenes Sternbild Neilloan auch mit der Göttin Mallee-hen (Vega), der Mutter von Totyarguil (Altair), dem Helden, der den Murray River schuf. In den Traditionen der Wardamanen dient der Stern Vega den Geistern der Verstorbenen als Tor zur Milchstraße.

Der Sternname Altair ist eine Abkürzung des arabischen "Al-Nasr Al-Ta'ir" (was "der fliegende Adler" bedeutet), was zeigt, dass das Sternbild des Adlers eines der langlebigsten in der Geschichte ist. Es stammt aus der Zeit der Babylonier (wo sie einen König in den Himmel trugen) und wurde von den Griechen, Römern und Arabern übernommen. Der Sternname Deneb stammt vom arabischen Wort "dhanab", was "Schwanz" bedeutet, und bezieht sich auf das griechische Sternbild des Vogels, das in der römischen Tradition als Schwan und in der arabischen Welt als Henne interpretiert wird. Der dritte Sternname, Vega, stammt aus dem Arabischen "Al-Nasr Al-Waqi", was "der stürzende Adler" bedeutet, da die vorislamische arabische Kultur einen zweiten Adler in der Gegend des griechischen Sternbilds Leier hatte. In der Frühen Neuzeit stellten einige christliche Astronomen, inspiriert von der arabischen Tradition, dieses Sternbild als einen Adler oder Geier dar, der eine Leier hält.

Das Bild zeigt auch eine Reihe anderer Sternbilder, darunter den Delfin (lat. Delphinus), den Pfeil (lat. Sagitta) und das Füchslein (lat. Vulpecula). Nach der griechischen Mythologie trug der Pfeil den Gott des Lichts und die Göttin der Fruchtbarkeit. Im Winter gehen sie abends unter, aber im Frühling gehen sie im Osten wieder auf und sind im Laufe der Zeit immer länger sichtbar, was das Land fruchtbar und die Landwirtschaft erfolgreich machen soll.
Image credit: Kouij Ohnishi/IAU OAO
Related glossary terms: Asterismus
Caption translation status: Not yet approved by a reviewer
Caption translators: Carolin Liefke

Italian
Image caption: Vincitore del concorso di astrofotografia IAU OAE 2022, categoria Immagini fisse di schemi celesti.



Questa immagine è stata scattata da Nagano, in Giappone, nel dicembre 2018 e mostra tre costellazioni principali: Aquila (verso la parte inferiore sinistra dell'immagine), Cygnus (nella parte superiore dell'immagine) e Lyra (in basso a destra). Le stelle più luminose di queste costellazioni (Altair, Deneb e Vega) formano i tre vertici dell'asterismo noto come Triangolo estivo. La stella Altair è la più luminosa in basso a sinistra dell'immagine, Deneb è la più luminosa in alto a destra dell'immagine e Vega è la più luminosa in basso a destra dell'immagine.

Nelle culture asiatiche le stelle Vega e Altair rappresentano la storia d'amore tra la tessitrice e il mandriano: vivono separati dalla debole fascia della Via Lattea, ma a luglio possono attraversare il fiume celeste (la Via Lattea) per stare insieme.

I Boorong del Victoria nord-orientale, in Australia, associano la ricomparsa di Vega - dopo la sua scomparsa annuale dalla vista - al periodo in cui le galline Mallee costruiscono i nidi. I Boorong associano anche la loro costellazione indigena Neilloan alla dea Mallee-hen (Vega), madre di Totyarguil (Altair), l'eroe che creò il fiume Murray. Nelle tradizioni Wardaman, la stella Vega funge da porta d'accesso alla Via Lattea per gli spiriti dei defunti.

Il nome della stella Altair è abbreviato dall'arabo "Al-Nasr Al-Ta'ir" (che significa "L'aquila volante"), a dimostrazione del fatto che la costellazione dell'Aquila è una delle più stabili della storia. Originaria dell'epoca babilonese (per cui portava un re verso il cielo), è stata ripresa da Greci, Romani e Arabi. Il nome della stella Deneb deriva dalla parola araba "dhanab", che significa "coda", e si riferisce alla costellazione greca dell'Uccello, interpretata nella tradizione romana come Cigno (Cygnus) e come Gallina nel mondo arabo. Il nome della terza stella, Vega, deriva dall'arabo "Al-Nasr Al-Waqi", che significa "L'aquila in picchiata", perché la cultura araba indigena (pre-islamica) aveva una seconda aquila nell'area della costellazione greca della Lira. Nella prima età moderna, alcuni astronomi cristiani, ispirati dalla tradizione araba, raffigurarono questa costellazione come un'aquila o un avvoltoio che porta una lira.

L'immagine mostra anche una serie di altre costellazioni, tra cui Delphinus, Sagitta e Vulpecula. Secondo la mitologia greca, Sagitta, la Freccia, portava con sé il dio della luce e la dea della fertilità. In inverno tramonta la sera, ma in primavera si alza di nuovo a est ed è presente sempre più a lungo per rendere la terra fruttuosa e per favorire le coltivazioni.
Image credit: Kouij Ohnishi/IAU OAO
Related glossary terms: Asterismo
Caption translation status: Approved by a reviewer
Caption translators: Valentina La Parola
Caption reviewers: Rodolfo Canestrari

Simplified Chinese
Image caption: 2022年国际天文学联合会(IAU)OAE天文摄影比赛静态天体图案类别获奖作品。



这张照片是于2018年12月在日本长野拍摄的,展示了三个突出的星座:天鹰座(左下方)、天鹅座(正上方)和天琴座(右下方)。这些星座中最亮的恒星(牛郎星、天津四和织女星)构成了被称为“夏季大三角”的星群的三个顶点。牛郎是照片左下方最亮的恒星,天津四是照片右上方最亮的恒星,织女星是照片右下方最亮的恒星。

在亚洲文化中,织女星和牛郎星代表着天庭的织女和人间的牛郎之间的爱情故事,他们被微弱的银河光带分开,仅在七月被允许跨越这条天河相见。

澳大利亚维多利亚州东北部的布戎人将织女星每年隐没在太阳光辉后的重新出现与斑眼冢雉筑巢的时间联系在一起。布戎人还将他们的土著星座Neilloan与Mallee-hen女神(织女星)联系在一起,她是创造了墨累河的英雄Totyarguil(牛郎星)的母亲。在瓦达曼人的传统中,织女星是亡灵通往银河的门户。

牛郎星的英文名称Altair是阿拉伯语“Al-Nasr Al-Ta'ir”的缩写,意为“飞鹰”,这证明天鹰座是历史上最稳定的星座之一。天鹰座起源于巴比伦时代,留下了携带国王飞向天空的传说,后被希腊人、罗马人和阿拉伯人继承。天津四的英文名称Deneb来自阿拉伯语“dhanab”,意为“尾巴”,其所在的星座在古希腊被看作一只鸟,在古罗马的传统中被解释为天鹅(即现代的天鹅座),而在阿拉伯世界中则被解释为母鸡。织女星的英文名称“Vega”来自阿拉伯语"Al-Nasr Al-Waqi“,意为”俯冲的鹰“,因为在伊斯兰教诞生前的阿拉伯土著文化中,被视为鹰的星座除天鹰座外其实还有一个,它所在的天区正是希腊的天琴座。在近代早期,一些基督教天文学家受阿拉伯传统的启发,将天琴座描绘成一只手持琴的鹰或秃鹫。

这张照片还显示了一系列其他星座,包括海豚座、天箭座和狐狸座。在希腊神话中,天箭座代表着光明之神和生育女神。在冬季,它们在傍晚落下;但在春季,它们又在东方升起,而且出现的时间越来越长,祝福着土地硕果累累,农业取得丰收。
Image credit: Kouij Ohnishi/IAU OAO
Related glossary terms: 星宿(星群)
Caption translation status: Not yet approved by a reviewer
Caption translators: Bao Lizhuo

Traditional Chinese
Image caption: 2022年國際天文學聯合會(IAU)OAE天文攝影比賽靜態天體圖案類別獲獎作品。



這張照片是於2018年12月在日本長野拍攝的,展示了三個突出的星座:天鷹座(左下方)、天鵝座(正上方)和天琴座(右下方)。這些星座中最亮的恆星(牛郎星、天津四和織女星)構成了被稱為“夏季大三角”的星群的三個頂點。牛郎是照片左下方最亮的恆星,天津四是照片右上方最亮的恆星,織女星是照片右下方最亮的恆星。

在亞洲文化中,織女星和牛郎星代表著天庭的織女和人間的牛郎之間的愛情故事,他們被微弱的銀河光帶分開,僅在七月被允許跨越這條天河相見。

澳大利亞維多利亞州東北部的布戎人將織女星每年隱沒在太陽光輝後的重新出現與斑眼冢雉築巢的時間聯繫在一起。布戎人還將他們的土著星座Neilloan與Mallee-hen女神(織女星)聯繫在一起,她是創造了墨累河的英雄Totyarguil(牛郎星)的母親。在瓦達曼人的傳統中,織女星是亡靈通往銀河的門戶。

牛郎星的英文名稱Altair是阿拉伯語“Al-Nasr Al-Ta'ir”的縮寫,意為“飛鷹”,這證明天鷹座是歷史上最穩定的星座之一。天鷹座起源於巴比倫時代,留下了攜帶國王飛向天空的傳說,後被希臘人、羅馬人和阿拉伯人繼承。天津四的英文名稱Deneb來自阿拉伯語“dhanab”,意為“尾巴”,其所在的星座在古希臘被看作一隻鳥,在古羅馬的傳統中被解釋為天鵝(即現代的天鵝座),而在阿拉伯世界中則被解釋為母雞。織女星的英文名稱“Vega”來自阿拉伯語"Al-Nasr Al-Waqi“,意為”俯衝的鷹“,因為在伊斯蘭教誕生前的阿拉伯土著文化中,被視為鷹的星座除天鷹座外其實還有一個,它所在的天區正是希臘的天琴座。在近代早期,一些基督教天文學家受阿拉伯傳統的啟發,將天琴座描繪成一隻手持琴的鷹或禿鷲。

這張照片還顯示了一系列其他星座,包括海豚座、天箭座和狐狸座。在希臘神話中,天箭座代表著光明之神和生育女神。在冬季,它們在傍晚落下;但在春季,它們又在東方升起,而且出現的時間越來越長,祝福著土地碩果累累,農業取得豐收。
Image credit: Kouij Ohnishi/IAU OAO
Related glossary terms: 星宿(星群)
Caption translation status: Not yet approved by a reviewer
Caption translators: An automated transliteration from the simplified Chinese translation by - Bao Lizhuo