Glossary term: 观测
Description: 天文观测包括收集和/或测量天体向我们发出的电磁辐射、粒子或引力波。过去，人类用眼睛观测，从 1600 年代初开始用望远镜观测。现在还可以使用各种照相机、光谱仪和其他仪器。收集到的信息，比如我们从照相机中获取的原始图像，被称为（观测）数据。
这些数据包含有关天体和中间介质（如星际介质或星系际介质）的信息，但仍取决于仪器的具体情况，例如相机的某一部分是否比另一部分更敏感。数据质量还取决于噪声污染；例如，在收集观测天体的光线时，我们通常也会收集到在地球大气层中散射的前景光。尽可能完全去除仪器特定部分和污染物部分称为数据缩减。观测典型的最终产品是图像、光谱和时序数据（对同一个或多个天体的重复观测，例如脉冲星或变星光度变化的数据）。这些数据可用来测量各种物理量，如两个天体之间的角度、观测事件的时间或天体的视星等。
观测与许多科学实验室进行的实验不同，观测者无法像化学家混合两种化学物质那样使天体本身产生相互作用。在某些情况下，观测有时可以通过对天体本身进行实验来补充，如研究陨石或向太阳系中的天体发送太空探测器。
Related Terms:
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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