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Glossary term: 自适应光学

Description: 夜晚抬头仰望，你可能会看到恒星在闪烁。大气中的空气总是在运动，当恒星发出的光经过有湍流的区域时，会发生不同程度的偏转。因此，我们在天空中看到的每颗恒星并不是稳定的单个光点，而是跳跃、不断变化、扭曲的一连串光点。这样的闪烁使得天文学家无法以大型地面望远镜本应达到的水平拍摄到天体的详细图像。自适应光学是减轻这种效应的一种方法。自适应光学（AO）系统利用真实的恒星或是激光投射的“人造恒星”，实时监测大气畸变。进入望远镜的光线被引导到一面可变形的镜子上。在计算机的控制下，镜面以适当的方式不断变形，以抵消大气畸变的影响。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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The planet beta Pictoris b is a bright dot close to its parent star. Around this we see a warm disk edge-on

beta Pictoris b

Caption: This composite of two images shows the planet beta Pictoris b and a disk of material both of which orbit the young star beta Pictoris. Both are taken in infrared light. The inner image was one of the first pictures taken of a planet around another star (an exoplanet). This image was made using a technique called adaptive optics which removes the blurring effect of the Earth's atmosphere that spreads out a star's light. The star's light is then concentrated tightly enough that it can be hidden behind a blocking circle (shown here in black) called a coronagraph. The ripples around this are artifacts of the imaging process. Beta Pictoris b, a gas giant planet about twelve times the mass of Jupiter, appears as a dot above and to the left of the black circle. The outer image shows the thermal emission from the warm disk of material surrounding the young star beta Pictoris. As we are viewing this disk edge-on it appears as a line. This disk of gas and dust provided the material to form beta Pictoris b.
Credit: ESO/A.-M. Lagrange et al. credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons


甚大望远镜的四个望远镜圆顶。其中一个圆顶敞开着，正在发射激光束。天空中，月亮周围有一圈光晕。

位于帕拉纳尔天文台的欧洲南方天文台甚大望远镜与月晕

Caption: 位于智利帕瑞纳山的甚大望远镜由四台反射望远镜组成，每台望远镜的主镜直径为8.2米。在这张照片中图中，其中一个穹顶打开着，并向天空发射激光束。这些激光在天空中创造出“人造星”，用于调整望远镜的光学系统，从而消除地球大气层引起的模糊效应，这一过程被称为自适应光学。 在天空中，月亮被明亮的光晕围绕。该现象是由月光在地球大气中的冰晶内反射而形成的。
Credit: 胡安-卡洛斯-穆尼奥斯-马特奥斯/欧空局 credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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