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Glossary term: 高度角

Description: 高度有两种含义:一是指在某种坐标系中的特定角度,如“恒星的高度角”,二是指相对于给定参考水平的垂直距离,如“海拔高度5000米”。

在天文学(以及测量学)中,高度角是所谓地平坐标系中的一个角度。这个角度衡量的是天体距离地平线有多高——如果你用手指指向一个天体,然后将手指直下移动到地平线处,那么你的手臂的方向就会发生变化,变化的角度就是高度角。高度角可以用度或弧度来测量。位于地平线的天体,其高度角为0°;而位于头顶正上方(即所谓“天顶”)的天体,其高度角为90°。负的高度角表示当前位于地平线以下的天体——此处,高度角测量的是天体在地平线以下的距离。位于你脚底正下方(即所谓“天底”)的天体,其高度角为-90°。

在航空或大气物理学等其他领域,海拔高度是指一个位置比某个给定的参考水平面高出多少。在地球上,海拔高度通常被定义为平均海平面以上的高度。根据这一含义,海拔高度是以长度单位(例如如米)来衡量的。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".