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Glossary term: 時角

Description: 時角是天體的時圈與觀測者子午線之間的夾角。

從地球上看,天空中的所有不同位置共同構成了一個以地球為中心的遙遠球面,稱為天球。天空中位於地球赤道正上方的點構成了天球的天赤道。位於地球地理北極正上方的點就是北天極,而位於地球地理南極正上方的點就是南天極。

就像地理學家在地球表面定義地理經緯度一樣,人們也可以在天球上定義經緯度。觀測者的子午線即對應於觀測者的地理經線圈(以地球中心為圓心,經過北極、南極和觀測者所在位置的圓),並將其投影到天球上。它經過天頂,且與觀測者的地平在北點和南點相交。被投影到天球上、經過特定天體的經線圈稱為該天體的時圈。時角是天體的時圈與觀測者子午線之間的夾角。隨著時間的流逝,時角也會發生變化:時角為0時,恆星在天空中的位置最高(上中天)。當恆星向西地平線移動時,時角會增大。當時角接近360度時,恆星接近下一個上中天。請注意,兩次上中天的時間間隔是一個恆星日,比一個太陽日大約短4分鐘。由於其與時間的這種直接聯繫,時角通常以“時”而非“度數”來表示,360度對應24時。時角可用來計算當前距離天體上中天的時間。這對於要制定觀測計劃的天文學家來說非常有用:在上中天或接近上中天的時候,也就是天體距離地平線最遠的時候,是觀測天體的最佳時機。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
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This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

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