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Glossary term: 衛星

Description: 衛星是圍繞行星、矮行星或小行星等較小天體運行的天體。地球有一顆衛星，叫做月球。太陽系的大多數行星都有衛星，但水星和金星沒有。矮行星冥王星有幾顆衛星，少數其他矮行星和小行星也有衛星。這裡的衛星是指天然衛星，用於通信或科學目的的人造衛星不屬於此類。

許多衛星是在圍繞行星、矮行星或其他天體的軌道上形成的。人們認為，月球是在太陽系形成的早期階段，由地球和一顆行星發生大碰撞後，由拋射出的物質形成並圍繞地球運行的。其他許多衛星（大多較小）都是小行星，它們被所環繞天體的引力俘獲。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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木星和圍繞它運行的四顆伽利略衛星中的兩顆（可見亮點）。

木星的自轉，作者 Vishal Sharma，印度

Caption: 2021 年國際天文學聯合會 (IAU) 天文教育辦公室 (OAE) 天體攝影比賽，伽利略衛星類第三名：《木星的自轉》，作者 Vishal Sharma，來自印度。 這幅延時攝影作品精美地展示了木星的自轉，以及畫面右側經過的兩顆伽利略衛星。木星自轉一圈只需不到 10 個小時，我們可以看到大紅斑從左向右移動。在這短短的時間內，兩顆衛星明顯沿著它們的軌道前進了一段距離。這張照片是 2020 年在印度北部拍攝的。
Credit: Vishal Sharma/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


The planet Jupiter, seen here as a bright disk, is orbited by the four Galilean moons, seen here as bright dots

Jupiter Moons Movie2, by Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo, and Carl Pennypacker, United States of America

Caption: Second place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Galilean moons. This sequence shows the orbit of the four Galilean moons around the planet Jupiter. Almost two entire orbits of the innermost moon, Io, can be seen, with the other moons (Europa and Ganymede, but in particular Callisto) being further away, orbiting noticeably slower. The images were obtained in 2018 with the Las Cumbres Global Observatory at different locations on Earth, allowing a continuous sequence of images over approximately half a week without gaps during the day. With clear skies and over the course of several nights, the motion of the Galilean moons can also be observed with binoculars (ideally steady your elbows on a surface).
Credit: Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo and Carl Pennypacker/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


Jupiter with coloured horizontal bands of clouds. The shadow of the moon Io is seen as a dark circle in the top left

Jupiter, Io and its shadow, by Ralf Burkart, Germany

Caption: First place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Galilean moons. This time-lapse of Jupiter taken in 2017 from Germany beautifully illustrates the transit of one of the Galilean moons, Io, in front of Jupiter. As this is simply a moon casting a shadow on a planet it is equivalent to a lunar eclipse on Earth observed from further away. While the shadow of the moon is clearly visible from the beginning, it might be difficult to spot the moon itself against the background of the beautiful atmospheric bands of Jupiter the first time the video is seen. Watching it repeatedly allows appreciating the rapid motion and rotation in this fantastic observation.
Credit: Ralf Burkart/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


The nearly full Moon with craters, light highlands and dark plains

Full moon

Caption: The image shows the nearly full Moon observed with a small telescope and a DSLR camera.
Credit: Luc Viatour credit link

License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported icons


木衛一大致呈球形。它的表面主要由淡黃色的硫化物和較小的暗色火山組成。

伊奧衛星

Caption: 美國國家航空航天局的伽利略號航天器於1999年7月3日獲得了木星衛星木衛一的最高分辨率圖像。木衛一是伽利略-伽利雷 1610 年發現的四顆衛星之一。木衛一的顏色源於硫化物，是大量火山活動存在的證據。木星和鄰近衛星的潮汐力是木衛一火山活動的原因。
Credit: 美國宇航局/JPL/亞利桑那大學 credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


The asteroid Ida is grey and shaped like a potato with lots of shallow craters. It's moon Dactyl is 40 times smaller

Ida and Dactyl

Caption: This picture of the asteroid Ida with its satellite Dactyl was taken by the Galileo space probe in August 1993 from a range of 10,870 kilometers (6,755 miles). Ida is a heavily cratered, irregularly shaped asteroid in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. This image is proof that asteroids like the 56 km large Ida can possess their own moons.
Credit: NASA/JPL credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


Europa is round with large patches of brown to white colours, covered by numerous crevices, randomly oriented on the surface

Europa

Caption: This image taken by NASA's Galileo space probe in September 1996 shows Jupiter's ice-covered satellite, Europa, in approximate natural color. Long, dark lines are fractures in the crust, some of which are more than 3,000 kilometers (1,850 miles) long. The bright feature containing a central dark spot in the lower third of the image is a young impact crater some 50 kilometers (31 miles) in diameter. Europa is about 3,160 kilometers (1,950 miles) in diameter, or about the size of Earth's moon.
Credit: NASA/JPL/DLR

License: PD Public Domain icons


Saturn's moon Titan, its atmosphere of dense clouds leads to an almost uniform orange-yellowish appearance

Titan in natural colours

Caption: This image taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft in January 2012 shows Saturn's moon Titan in near natural colours. The orange-yellowsh colour stems from a layer of partially charged hyodrocarbon compounds. In the visible light, Titan's surface remains largely hidden below the opaque atmosphere.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


Titan is round and this false colour image shows its surface as green with a large H-shaped dark patch

Titan with surface features

Caption: This composite image taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft in November 2015 visualises infrared radiation from Saturn's moon Titan. Infrared light can penetrate its hazy atmosphere and reveal some of its surface features. During its decent to the surface, the piggy-backed ESA lander Huygens discovered lakes made of liquid hydrocarbons.
Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/University of Idaho credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


A partially illuminated Enceladus. The smooth surface is covered by many straight and curved crevices

Enceladus

Caption: On 9 Oct. 2008, just after coming within 25 kilometers (15.6 miles) of the surface of Enceladus, NASA's Cassini probe captured this stunning mosaic of Saturn's 500 km large ice-moon. Craters and cratered terrains are rare in this view of the southern region of the moon's Saturn-facing hemisphere. Instead, the surface is replete with fractures, folds, and ridges — all hallmarks of remarkable tectonic activity for a relatively small world. In this enhanced-color view, regions that appear blue-green are thought to be coated with larger grains than those that appear white or gray. Similar to Europa, Enceladus has a subsurface ocean of liquid water spanning the entire moon. A false colour image of a partially illuminated Enceladus. The white surface is covered by numerous straight and curved crevices at random orientations
Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


土衛十八呈灰色，形狀奇特，像一個意大利餛飩，表面有一些小型隕石坑和山脊。

土衛十八（潘）

Caption: 美國宇航局的卡西尼號探測器於2017年3月拍攝了土衛十八的這張圖像。土衛十八是所謂的“牧羊衛星”，在土星的恩克環縫內圍繞土星運行。土衛十八的纖薄環邊是其在穿過土星環時收集到的物質所形成的。土衛十八的平均直徑約為30公里。
Credit: 美國宇航局/JPL-加州理工學院/空間科學研究所 credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons

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Description: Through art and science, children learn about moons of our solar system.

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Tags: Art , Creativity , Hands-on , Drawing
Age Ranges: 6-8 , 8-10 , 10-12
Education Level: Primary , Secondary
Areas of Learning: Fine Art focussed , Social Research
Costs: High Cost
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