Glossary term: 觀測
Description: 天文觀測包括收集和/或測量天體向我們發出的電磁輻射、粒子或引力波。過去，人類用眼睛觀測，從 1600 年代初開始用望遠鏡觀測。現在還可以使用各種照相機、光譜儀和其他儀器。收集到的信息，比如我們從照相機中獲取的原始圖像，被稱為（觀測）數據。
這些數據包含有關天體和中間介質（如星際介質或星系際介質）的信息，但仍取決於儀器的具體情況，例如相機的某一部分是否比另一部分更敏感。數據質量還取決於噪聲汙染；例如，在收集觀測天體的光線時，我們通常也會收集到在地球大氣層中散射的前景光。盡可能完全去除儀器特定部分和汙染物部分稱為數據縮減。觀測典型的最終產品是圖像、光譜和時序數據（對同一個或多個天體的重複觀測，例如脈衝星或變星光度變化的數據）。這些數據可用來測量各種物理量，如兩個天體之間的角度、觀測事件的時間或天體的視星等。
觀測與許多科學實驗室進行的實驗不同，觀測者無法像化學家混合兩種化學物質那樣使天體本身產生相互作用。在某些情況下，觀測有時可以通過對天體本身進行實驗來補充，如研究隕石或向太陽系中的天體發送太空探測器。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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