Glossary term: 射電天文學
Description: 射電天文學是天文學的一個分支,專注於電磁波譜中特定區域的射電波觀測。地球的大氣層有“射頻窗口”:允許某些頻率(或波長範圍)的射電波幾乎不受阻礙地通過。這使得我們可以利用地面射電望遠鏡觀測天體射電輻射。典型的觀測頻率範圍從大約300吉赫茲(GHz)到幾十兆赫茲(MHz),對應的波長為1毫米(mm)到幾十米。在特別適合的乾燥高海拔地點,天文學家甚至可以進行亞毫米觀測,波長可達到約0.3毫米,對應頻率達到1太赫茲(THz)。大約在10 MHz的低頻限制是由於地球的電離層。這個位於大氣高層的區域含有大量帶電粒子,能反射超長射電波回到太空中。射電天文學使我們能夠觀測到來自星系和銀河系中冷氣體的輻射,如原子氫和分子氣體。通過這些觀測,天文學家可以研究稀疏的星際介質,以及恆星和行星形成的區域和過程。射電天文學還允許研究高能天體,如脈衝星和活動星系核:在這些物體內或周圍,電子在強磁場中被加速,從而發出稱為同步輻射的射電波。脈衝星以及非常亮的活動星系核(稱為類星體)都是通過射電天文學發現的,宇宙的熱大爆炸階段的遺跡,即宇宙微波背景輻射(CMB)也是通過這種方法探測到的。儘管來自太空的射電波在1930年代首次被探測到,但射電天文學直到1950年才成為觀測天文學的一個主要分支。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
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