Glossary term: 恆星演化
Description: 恆星演化描述了恆星的衰老以及它們在生命週期中的變化。與生物進化不同,恆星演化並不是指不同代恆星之間性狀的變化。
恆星一生中的大部分時間都處於恆星演化的主序階段,在其內核中將氫聚變成氦並釋放能量。隨著恆星年齡的增長,其內核中的氫開始耗盡,內核會收縮,並變得足夠熱以開始氦聚變。根據恆星的質量,這可能會導致其演化為巨星或超巨星。在一些巨星和超巨星中,核聚變會產生越來越重的元素。
初始質量介於0.5到8倍太陽質量之間的恆星最終會形成碳、氧和(或)氖的內核,而氫和氦的聚變會在內核周圍的外殼中繼續進行,從而形成洋蔥狀的分層結構。它們最終會失去外層,形成行星狀星雲,只剩下內核,成為一顆又小又亮的白矮星。
質量超過 8 個太陽質量的恆星會繼續燃燒更重的元素,直到核心的原子核聚變成鐵。此時,進一步的核聚變已無法釋放額外的能量。這就引發了超新星爆發,留下的要麼是一顆非常緻密的中子星,要麼是一顆質量非常大的黑洞。
行星狀星雲和超新星爆發都會把恆星中的物質噴射到星際介質中。在演化的某些階段,許多恆星也會通過恆星風、極端脈動或爆發噴射出物質。由於核聚變,以及爆發時本身的核反應,噴出的物質富含重元素。這些富集的物質可能會進入下一代恆星中。
恆星在所有這些階段的演化都可能因與多恆星系統中的伴星相互作用而改變。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
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