Glossar-Begriff: Mondphase

Weitergeleitet von Abnehmende Mondsichel

Beschreibung: Als Mondphase bezeichnet man die für uns von der Sonne beleuchtete und sich ändernde sichtbare Form des Mondes. Zwar wird - außer bei Mondfinsternissen - die Hälfte des Mondes immer von der Sonne beschienen. Allerdings bewegt sich der Mond auf einer Umlaufbahn um die Erde, sodass es für uns so aussieht, als würden während seiner Runde um die Erde verschiedene Teile des Mondes beleuchtet. Ein ganzer Mondphasenzyklus beginnt und endet mit derselben Mondphase. Eine Runde des Mondes um die Erde dauert etwa einen Monat, genauer gesagt 29,5 Tage. Wenn wir z. B. vom Neumond ausgehen, nimmt der beleuchtete Teil des Mondes aufgrund dieser Rotation allmählich zu (zunehmende Phase) und wird zu einer Sichel. Der Halbmond entsteht bei einem Winkel von 90 Grad relativ zum Startpunkt bei Neumond. Der beleuchtete Teil des Mondes nimmt weiter zu: Er wird dann konvex oder wulstförmig. Der Vollmond tritt bei 180 Grad relativ zum Startpunkt auf. Danach nimmt die Form des Mondes allmählich ab (abnehmende Phase), was zu einem abnehmenden Mond, der Halbmondphase bei 270 Grad vom Startpunkt, der Mondsichel und schließlich wieder zum Neumond bei 360 Grad führt. Obwohl der Mond bei 90 und 270 Grad wie ein Halbmond ausschaut (für uns sieht das so aus, als ob genau eine Hälfte seiner "Vorderseite" beleuchtet wäre), sind dann jeweils die entgegengesetzten Hälften beleuchtet.

Ähnliche Begriffe:

Monat
Phase

Dieser Begriff in anderen Sprachen

Begriffs- und Definitionsstatus Die Originaldefinition dieses Begriffes auf Englisch wurden von einem forschenden Astronom und einer Lehrkraft bestätigt
Die Übersetzung dieses Begriffs und seiner Definition warten auf Prüfung und Bestätigung

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

Wenn dir ein inhaltlicher oder Übersetzungsfehler in diesem Glossarbegriff oder dieser Definition auffallen, bitte kontaktiere uns.

Auf anderen Sprachen

Arabisch: الطور القمري
Englisch: Lunar Phase
Französisch: Phase lunaire
Italienisch: Fase lunare
Japanisch: 月の位相 (externer Link)
Marathi: चंद्राच्या कला
Vereinfachtes Chinesisch: 月相
Traditionelles Chinesisch: 月相

Ähnliche Diagramme

The Moon begins as dark, an illuminated portion grows from the left. Then once fully illuminated a dark portion grows from the left

Lunar Phase Northern Hemisphere

Unterschrift: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Northern Hemisphere. Here north is up and east is left. The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit. When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon. For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon. Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
Bild: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole

The Moon begins as dark, an illuminated portion grows from the right. Then once fully illuminated a dark portion grows from the right

Lunar Phase Southern Hemisphere

Unterschrift: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Southern Hemisphere. Here north is up and west is left The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit. When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon. For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon. Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
Bild: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole

The Moon begins as dark, an illuminated portion grows from the top. Then once fully illuminated a dark portion grows from the top

Lunar Phase Equator

Unterschrift: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Equator. Here west is up, north is left and east is down. The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit. When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon. For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon. The perspective for this diagram is with west up, north left and east down. When the moon is viewed looking west, for example viewing the waxing crescent just after sunset, the view of the Moon would be rotated by 180°. Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
Bild: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole

The Moon lies between the Sun and Earth casts a small shadow and large partial shadow

Total Solar Eclipse

Unterschrift: This not to scale diagram shows what happens during a total solar eclipse. The Moon orbits the Earth, but its orbit is slightly tilted with respect to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. During the new moon lunar phase, the Moon lies between the Earth and the Sun, but due to the Moon’s tilted orbit around the Earth, the Moon normally lies above or below the Sun at this point. However twice a year the Moon’s orbit lines up in such a way that the Moon can lie in a direct line between the Earth and Sun. During this time a solar eclipse can occur. The Moon is about 400 times smaller than the Sun, but is 400 times closer to the Earth than the Sun. Hence the Sun and Moon have approximately the same angular size when viewed from the Earth. This means that it is possible for the Moon to completely cover the Sun when viewed from Earth. This is known as a total solar eclipse. Here we see a schematic of such and eclipse. The Moon casts a shadow on the Earth known as the umbra. This is a roughly circular shadow a few hundred kilometres across. Any region within the umbra will see the Moon completely cover the Sun and thus will experience a total solar eclipse. Outside of the umbra there are regions where the Moon will cover part of the Sun. This partial shadow is known as the penumbra. Regions in the penumbra will experience a partial solar eclipse. An eclipse is a dynamic event with the Moon moving in its orbit and the Earth rotating. Hence the umbra and penumbra move across the Earth’s surface. The path the umbra takes across the Earth is known as the path of totality. Let’s consider one particular region that lies in the path of totality. Except in rare cases where an eclipse begins at sunrise, a region that experiences totality will first see the Moon cover part of the Sun and gradually move across Sun until it is totally covered. From outside the Earth this would appear as the penumbra moving over this particular region followed by the umbra moving over this region. Once the Moon moves so that it no longer completely covers the Sun, totality ends and the umbra moves away from this particular region. The Moon will continue to uncover the Sun until (unless the Sun sets before the end of the eclipse) the Sun is completely uncovered. From outside the Earth this would appear as the umbra moving away from our particular region and the edge of the penumbra approaching and eventually passing over the region. Outside of the path or totality there is a much broader region that will lie in the penumbra but will be missed by the umbra. Such regions will not experience a total solar eclipse during this event, only a partial solar eclipse.
Bild: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Symbole

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