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Terme du glossaire : Étoile à neutrons

Également connu sous le terme de pulsar

Description : Une étoile à neutrons est un vestige stellaire très dense et compact résultant de l'effondrement du cœur d'une étoile massive. Les étoiles d'une masse égale ou supérieure à huit masses solaires terminent leur évolution stellaire par l'effondrement de leur cœur, ce qui déclenche l'explosion d'une supernova. Le noyau effondré a une densité supérieure à celle de la plupart des noyaux atomiques et se compose principalement de neutrons. Ce dernier point est dû au fait que les protons et les électrons se combinent pour former des neutrons dans le cœur effondré extrêmement chaud et dense de l'étoile massive. La limite inférieure de la masse d'une étoile à neutrons est de 1,4 masse solaire, et la limite supérieure d'environ 3 masses solaires. Les étoiles à neutrons fortement magnétiques sont appelées magnétars. La grande majorité des étoiles à neutrons connues sont observées sous forme de pulsars radio.

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A neutron star appears as a blue spot surrounded by shells of material which appear as red and green rings

Death of a massive star

Légende : A multi-wavelength image taken with telescopes on the Earth and in space of a neutron star within our neighbouring Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy. A neutron star (seen here as the blue spot surrounded by a red ring) is the final product of gravitational collapse, compression and explosion of a massive star, left embedded in its supernova remnant (in green).
Crédit : ESO/NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)/F. Vogt et al. Lien vers les crédits

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons (CC) Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Icônes


The pulsar appears as a bright spot in the center with a series of colored ripples moving away from it on two sides

The Crab Pulsar

Légende : At the heart of the Crab Nebula, situated approximately 6,500 light-years away in the constellation of Taurus, lies the Crab Nebula Pulsar. This is remnant of a massive star that exploded at the end of its life. This happened several thousand years ago but the light from this explosion only reached the Earth in the year 1054. This celestial event was viewed by people across the world with many different societies noting it in their records. The Crab Nebula Pulsar rotates about 30 times per second and emits light in many different wavelengths, including the visible spectrum. It is roughly one and a half times the mass of the sun but the force of the explosion that formed it crammed this mass into a tiny space, roughly ten kilometres in radius. This image is a composite of several observations conducted by the Gemini North observatory in Hawaii, USA. The pulsar can be seen at the center. The observations that this image was created from were taken over a period of five years. Data from 2009 is shown in blue and data from 2014 is shown in red. Over this time material has flowed away from the pulsar resulting in this colored ripple effect. Again the colors do not show real colors in the image, the ripples show the positions of the shockwaves as they moved away from the pulsar and hit into the surrounding gas.
Crédit : International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AUR, Jen Miller, Travis Rector, Mahdi Zamani & Davide de Martin Lien vers les crédits

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons (CC) Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Icônes