Glossary term: 气态巨行星

Also known as Jovian planet 类木行星

Description: 气态巨行星是指主要由氢和氦组成的巨行星，这两种元素在星际和行星际空间中都是气态的，因此得名“气态巨行星"。然而实际上，气态巨行星中大部分的氢和氦是液态的。

气态巨行星被认为具有岩石内核，其周围是厚厚的氢和氦层。在行星最深处，这些气体被压缩成液态，最深层被认为有一片金属氢的海洋。在外层，氢和氦呈气态。大气中的其他元素会形成云和雨。在最冷的气态巨行星中，上层的云可能由水或氨蒸气组成。在温度较低的气态巨行星更深、更热的层中，以及在温度较高的气态巨行星的外层，云可以由室温下固态的铁和矿物组成。

太阳系中最大的两颗行星--木星和土星都是气态巨行星。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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Caption: 2021 年国际天文学联合会 (IAU) 天文教育办公室 (OAE) 天体摄影比赛，伽利略卫星类第三名：《木星的自转》，作者 Vishal Sharma，来自印度。这幅延时摄影作品精美地展示了木星的自转，以及画面右侧经过的两颗伽利略卫星。木星自转一圈只需不到 10 个小时，我们可以看到大红斑从左向右移动。在这短短的时间内，两颗卫星明显沿着它们的轨道前进了一段距离。这张照片是 2020 年在印度北部拍摄的。
Credit: Vishal Sharma/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

The planet Jupiter, seen here as a bright disk, is orbited by the four Galilean moons, seen here as bright dots

Jupiter Moons Movie2, by Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo, and Carl Pennypacker, United States of America

Caption: Second place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Galilean moons. This sequence shows the orbit of the four Galilean moons around the planet Jupiter. Almost two entire orbits of the innermost moon, Io, can be seen, with the other moons (Europa and Ganymede, but in particular Callisto) being further away, orbiting noticeably slower. The images were obtained in 2018 with the Las Cumbres Global Observatory at different locations on Earth, allowing a continuous sequence of images over approximately half a week without gaps during the day. With clear skies and over the course of several nights, the motion of the Galilean moons can also be observed with binoculars (ideally steady your elbows on a surface).
Credit: Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo and Carl Pennypacker/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Jupiter with coloured horizontal bands of clouds. The shadow of the moon Io is seen as a dark circle in the top left

Jupiter, Io and its shadow, by Ralf Burkart, Germany

Caption: First place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Galilean moons. This time-lapse of Jupiter taken in 2017 from Germany beautifully illustrates the transit of one of the Galilean moons, Io, in front of Jupiter. As this is simply a moon casting a shadow on a planet it is equivalent to a lunar eclipse on Earth observed from further away. While the shadow of the moon is clearly visible from the beginning, it might be difficult to spot the moon itself against the background of the beautiful atmospheric bands of Jupiter the first time the video is seen. Watching it repeatedly allows appreciating the rapid motion and rotation in this fantastic observation.
Credit: Ralf Burkart/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Jupiter

Caption: This full disk view of Jupiter was obtained on 21 April 2014 with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). It shows the prominent great red spot, a gigantic cyclone. Cloud ribbons cover the surface, whose colours stem from gases like ammonia and other chemical compounds.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center) credit link

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Saturn

Caption: The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 observed Saturn on 20 June 2019 as the planet made its closest approach to Earth this year, at approximately 1.36 billion kilometres away. The image shows coloured bands of gas on the planet's surface as well as its prominent rings made of ice and rocky material.
Credit: NASA, ESA, A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center), and M.H. Wong (University of California, Berkeley) credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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