Glossary term: 太陽
Description: 太陽是距離地球最近的恆星。對於天文學家來說，它是一顆 "G2V "型恆星。這意味著太陽是一顆主序星，典型溫度（"有效溫度"）為 5800 開爾文（K）。主序星是穩定的，其內核氫聚變釋放的能量可以平衡引力產生的向內力。人眼看到的太陽是白色的，因為它發出大量可見光譜的光。當太陽位於天空較低的位置時，大氣消光的增加會使太陽呈現黃色或橙色，因此太陽通常被描述為黃色。恆星的亮度從比太陽亮 1000 多倍到比太陽暗 1000 多倍不等，但更亮的恆星相對較少；太陽比銀河系中的大多數恆星（可能約 85%）更亮（也更重）。
對於天文學家來說，太陽之所以有趣，是因為它距離我們很近，這意味著太陽表面可以被更細緻地分辨出來，從而可以對太陽的結構和現象進行研究。例如，對與太陽磁場有關的太陽活動的詳細研究可以包括：太陽黑子（較冷的區域）、耀斑（短暫的閃光），甚至日冕物質拋射（從太陽拋出的帶電粒子）。物理學家還從太陽內核探測到被稱為中微子的基本粒子；這是核聚變過程的直接證據。氦元素首次在太陽光譜中被探測到，因此被命名為 "氦"，它來自希臘神話中的太陽神赫利俄斯（Helios）。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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Credit: NASA/SDO/HMI credit link
License: PD Public Domain icons
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Credit: NASA/SDO credit link
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