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Glossary term: 自適應光學

Description: 夜晚抬頭仰望，你可能會看到恆星在閃爍。大氣中的空氣總是在運動，當恆星發出的光經過有湍流的區域時，會發生不同程度的偏轉。因此，我們在天空中看到的每顆恆星並不是穩定的單個光點，而是跳躍、不斷變化、扭曲的一連串光點。這樣的閃爍使得天文學家無法以大型地面望遠鏡本應達到的水平拍攝到天體的詳細圖像。自適應光學是減輕這種效應的一種方法。自適應光學（AO）系統利用真實的恆星或是激光投射的“人造恆星”，實時監測大氣畸變。進入望遠鏡的光線被引導到一面可變形的鏡子上。在計算機的控制下，鏡面以適當的方式不斷變形，以抵消大氣畸變的影響。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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The planet beta Pictoris b is a bright dot close to its parent star. Around this we see a warm disk edge-on

beta Pictoris b

Caption: This composite of two images shows the planet beta Pictoris b and a disk of material both of which orbit the young star beta Pictoris. Both are taken in infrared light. The inner image was one of the first pictures taken of a planet around another star (an exoplanet). This image was made using a technique called adaptive optics which removes the blurring effect of the Earth's atmosphere that spreads out a star's light. The star's light is then concentrated tightly enough that it can be hidden behind a blocking circle (shown here in black) called a coronagraph. The ripples around this are artifacts of the imaging process. Beta Pictoris b, a gas giant planet about twelve times the mass of Jupiter, appears as a dot above and to the left of the black circle. The outer image shows the thermal emission from the warm disk of material surrounding the young star beta Pictoris. As we are viewing this disk edge-on it appears as a line. This disk of gas and dust provided the material to form beta Pictoris b.
Credit: ESO/A.-M. Lagrange et al. credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


甚大望遠鏡的四個望遠鏡圓頂。其中一個圓頂敞開著，正在發射激光束。天空中，月亮周圍有一圈光暈。

位於帕拉納爾天文臺的歐洲南方天文臺甚大望遠鏡與月暈

Caption: 位於智利帕瑞納山的甚大望遠鏡由四臺反射望遠鏡組成，每臺望遠鏡的主鏡直徑為8.2米。在這張照片中圖中，其中一個穹頂打開著，並向天空發射激光束。這些激光在天空中創造出“人造星”，用於調整望遠鏡的光學系統，從而消除地球大氣層引起的模糊效應，這一過程被稱為自適應光學。 在天空中，月亮被明亮的光暈圍繞。該現象是由月光在地球大氣中的冰晶內反射而形成的。
Credit: 胡安-卡洛斯-穆尼奧斯-馬特奧斯/歐空局 credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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