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Glossary term: المجرة

Description: المجرة عبارة عن نظام من النجوم والمكونات المادية الأخرى مثل المادة المظلمة والغاز والغبار المرتبط بالجاذبية، وعادة ما تفصلها عن جيرانها مئات الآلاف من السنوات الضوئية. تأتي المجرات بأشكال وأحجام مختلفة. يمكن أن تحتوي أصغر المجرات على بضعة آلاف من النجوم، بينما يمكن أن تحتوي أكبرها على عشرات التريليونات. وعادةً ما تشير كلمة ”المجرة“ إلى مجرتنا الأم، مجرة درب التبانة، التي تحتوي على حوالي 100-400 مليار نجم.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

Related Media


The Hubble Ultra Deep Field showing around 10,000 galaxies of various ages, sizes, shapes and colours.

Hubble Ultra Deep Field

Caption: This awe-inspiring image referred to as the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF), was obtained using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), by combining 800 exposures from 400 orbits of the HST, which equates to 11.3 days of total exposure time. The image shows nearly 10,000 galaxies and was taken in the direction of a patch of sky with the least amount of stars from the Milky Way galaxy in the field of view. The region of sky that the HST observed corresponds to 1/10 the angular size of the Full Moon, which is roughly equal to approximately a 1 millimeter-sized object placed 1 meter away. Every object in the image, except for the bright points with the crosshairs, are galaxies. As a consequence of the speed of light being a constant in a vacuum, the more distant an object, the further back in time we are observing. Therefore, the light from some of the galaxies in the HUDF image is from when the Universe as only a few hundred million years old. The HUDF image takes us through on a journey through space, and also in time.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and S. Beckwith (STScI) and the HUDF Team credit link

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مجرتان حلزونيتان تتعانقان وفي مراحلهما الأولى من الاندماج مع وجود تشوهات مرئية على المجرة الأصغر

إندماج مجرة حلزونية

Caption: الصورة توضح مجرتين حلزونيتين متفاعلتين تقعان على بعد حوالي 150 مليون سنة ضوئية. وتبدو المجرتان الحلزونيتان وكأنهما تتشاركان في رقصة ، مما يخلق تشوهات مرئية في أذرعهما الحلزونية بسبب سحب الجاذبية. ويبدوا ان التفاعل بن المجرتين في هذه الصورة ، سوف ينتهى بإندماج هاتين المجرتين في مجرة واحدة ، على الأرجح سوف تكون بيضاوية الشكل.
Credit: حقوق الصورة تخص المرصد الأروبى الجنوبى credit link

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تحتوي هذه المجرة على انتفاخ كبير محاط بحلقة من الغبار مكونة صورة مشابهة للقبعة المكسيكية التي تحمل نفس الاسم.

مجرة سومبريرو

Caption: غالبًا ما تسمى هذه المجرة البارزة M 104 بمجرة Sombrero نظرًا لتشابهها مع القبعة المكسيكية. تبد المجرة بهذا الشكل من خلال قرص رفيع يرى بإتجاه الحافة وعلى امتداد خط النظرتقريبًا ، والذي يظهر مضاءً بالانتفاخ السائد. يحتوي كل من القرص والانتفاخ على نجوم ، لكن النجوم الموجودة في الانتفاخ تميل إلى أن تكون أقدم ، بينما يحتوي القرص أيضًا على كميات كبيرة من الغبار والغاز مما يخلق الظلال. تقع M 104 في كوكبة العذراء على بعد حوالي 50 سنة ضوئية. في حين أن بعض النقاط المرئية في الصورة هي نجوم في المقدمة ومجرات أخرى في الخلفية ، فإن الغالبية هي في الواقع مجموعات كروية ، وهي مجموعات كثيفة ضخمة من النجوم ، مرتبطة بمجرة سومبريرو.
Credit: ESO / ب. بارثيل credit link

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Related Diagrams


Leo resembles a lion standing on the ecliptic (which runs ESE to WNW) with its nose pointed northwest.

Leo Constellation Map

Caption: The zodiac constellation Leo and its surrounding constellations. Starting from the top of the diagram and going clockwise, these are Leo Minor, Cancer, Sextans, Hydra, Crater, Virgo and Ursa Major. The brightest star in Leo, Regulus, lies almost exactly on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line): the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun spends the period from mid August to mid September in Leo. The other planets in the Solar System can often be found in Leo. Leo spans the celestial equator and is thus part of it is visible at some time in the year from all of planet Earth with some of the constellation obscured for the most arctic and antarctic regions of the world. Leo is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. Several objects can be seen in Leo, including M65 and M66 – two galaxies in the Leo Triplet, a trio of galaxies including NGC 3628, not listed here. In addition, M96, a spiral galaxy, can be seen as a fuzzy object using a small telescope, and Messier 105, an elliptical galaxy. Each of these objects are labelled on the map as red ellipses. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination and with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labelled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope

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