Glossarbegriffe: Supernova-Überrest

Also known as Supernovaüberrest

Description: Ein Supernova-Überrest ist das, was von einer Supernova-Explosion übrig bleibt: eine riesige Wolke aus heißem Gas und Plasma, welche durch die Schockwelle der Supernova erzeugt wurde. Viele Supernova-Überreste enthalten noch das Schwarze Loch oder den Neutronenstern, d.h. die Überreste des Sterns, der als Supernova explodiert ist. In manchen Fällen hat die Explosion aber das Schwarze Loch oder den Neutronenstern hinausgeschleudert.

Die explosive Energie einer Supernova erzeugt eine Schockwelle, die das interstellare Gas in der Umgebung durchläuft. Dieser Schock erhitzt und ionisiert das umgebende Gas auf extrem hohe Temperaturen (über eine Million Kelvin). Das heiße Gas sendet Licht in verschiedenen Wellenlängen aus, unter anderem sehr viel Röntgenstrahlung. Der Schock beschleunigt auch Teilchen auf hohe Geschwindigkeiten. Das macht Supernova-Überreste zu einer bedeutenden Quelle von kosmischer Strahlung.

Anhand der Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich ein Supernova-Überrest ausdehnt, können Astronomen abschätzen, wie lange es gedauert hat, bis der Supernova-Überrest seine beobachtete Größe erreicht hat. So können sie herausfinden, wann ungefähr die Supernova explodiert ist. Mehrere große Supernova-Überreste in der Milchstraße wurden auf diese Weise datiert und mit Supernovae in Verbindung gebracht, die von Astronomen vor Hunderten von Jahren am Himmel beobachtet wurden.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

Related Diagrams

Taurus appears as a y shape with the open end pointing NE. The ecliptic passes WSW to ENE in Taurus’s northern half

Taurus Constellation Map

Bildunterschriften: The constellation Taurus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Taurus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Perseus, Aries, Cetus, Eridanus, Orion, Gemini and Auriga. Taurus’s brightest star Aldebaran appears in the middle of the constellation. Taurus lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Taurus from mid May to late June. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Taurus. Taurus lies mostly north of the celestial equator with a small part in the celestial southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is visible at some point in the year to whole planet except for the Antarctic and a small region around the North Pole. Taurus is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. In the eastern part of Taurus we can find the supernova remnant M1 (commonly known as the Crab Nebula), marked here with a green square. In Taurus’s north-east find one of the sky’s most famous open stars clusters M45 (the Pleiades), marked here with a yellow circle. Many of the stars near Aldebaran (but not) Aldebaran are members of another star cluster, the Hyades. However this cluster is close to the solar system so is too dispersed on the sky to have a Messier object designation like the Pleiades has. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination and with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope

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