Glossary term: Marte
Description: Marte é o quarto planeta a partir do Sol no Sistema Solar. É um planeta rochoso e terrestre com um raio de pouco menos de 3400 quilômetros (km), pouco mais da metade do raio da Terra. Marte possui uma atmosfera muito fina, um grande sistema de cânions e a montanha mais alta do Sistema Solar: um vulcão extinto chamado Monte Olimpo (Olympus Mons). Acredita-se que tenha abrigado água líquida no início de sua existência.
Sua distância típica do Sol é de cerca de 228 milhões de km ou 1,52 unidades astronômicas (distâncias Terra-Sol). Leva 687 dias para completar uma órbita ao redor do Sol. Marte tem duas pequenas luas, Fobos e Deimos.
Seu nome é uma referência ao deus romano da guerra. É frequentemente chamado de “planeta vermelho” devido à sua coloração avermelhada. Cientistas enviaram muitas sondas e módulos de pouso a Marte ao longo dos anos para estudar sua composição e atmosfera.
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
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License: PD Public Domain icons
Marte
Caption: Esta imagem do planeta Marte, capturada pela sonda Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter da NASA em 1999, mostra sua superfície árida. A imagem destaca as regiões geológicas mais espetaculares de Marte. Além do profundo Valles (vale) Marineris, vemos quatro vulcões. Enquanto três deles formam a cordilheira Tharsis, o Monte Olympus é o maior vulcão já descoberto no Sistema Solar. Nuvens de gelo cobrem partes da superfície marciana.
Credit: NASA/JPL/MSSS
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License: PD Public Domain icons
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Caption: Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns: Equatorial Milky Way
Taken in Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park, Java Island, Indonesia, in March 2016, this image captures regions of the southern Milky Way and, at its left edge, the two planets Mars and Saturn. Mars appears orange and is similar in colour to the star Antares, whose Greek name — anti Ares — references this. Saturn is a little bit fainter than Mars, but clearly visible among the stars of Ophiuchus, above the Pipe Nebula and forming an isosceles triangle with Mars and Antares.
Mars is on the top and Saturn is vertically below. Visible to the naked eye, both planets have significance in many cultures around the world. In Roman mythology Mars is the god of war and fertility, and Saturn the god of sowing and agriculture. Its Greek equivalent, the god Kronos, is also considered the regent of completion. Indigenous Australians, including the Kamilaroi and Wailan people, associate Saturn with “wunygal”, a small bird. Mars is called Iherm-penh (something burnt in flames) by the Anmatyerre people of the Central Desert, while the Kokatha people of the Western Desert associate Mars and the star Anatres with the red-tailed black cockatoo (Kogolongo).
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Credit: Giorgia Hofer/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Retrograde Motion of Mars
Caption: Winner in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images with smartphones-mobile devices.
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Credit: Rob Kerby Guevarra/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0)
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Transit of Phobos from Mars
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This video is in real time, with the entire transit lasting just 32 seconds. This compares with the several hours a solar eclipse on Earth takes from the Moon first obscuring part of the Sun to the Sun being completely visible again. This is due to Phobos’ much shorter orbital period of just over seven and a half hours compared to the Moon’s orbital period of 27 days as well as the solar disk appearing slightly smaller from Mars than it does from Earth. Note the non-spherical shape of Phobos as it crosses the solar disk.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS
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License: PD Public Domain icons
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