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词条 质子

描述: 质子是一种带正电荷的亚原子粒子。质子与中子一样,是原子核的主要组成部分之一。质子的数量就是原子核的 "原子序数",每个具有特定原子序数的原子对应一种特定的化学元素。氢的原子核是一个质子,恒星中最基本的核聚变反应是两个质子碰撞,其中一个质子衰变,形成由一个质子和一个中子组成的氘核。质子还存在于从外太空射向我们的高能宇宙射线中。

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A diagram with nuclei of isotopes of 6 elements with sketches of the nucleus accompanied by the chemical element symbol & the mass & atomic numbers

Nucleon

图注: A nucleon is a constituent of an atomic nucleus. For normal matter, nucleons can be either protons or neutrons. The number of nucleons defines the mass number of a nucleus while the number of protons defines the atomic number. Atomic nuclei of a particular chemical element all have the same atomic number but can have different mass numbers. Nuclei with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are known as isotopes. Most elements have more than one isotope that occurs in nature although a few only have one isotope that is stable over long periods of time. This diagram shows the nuclei of isotopes of the first six chemical elements (from left to right: hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron and carbon). Beside each chemical element symbol are two numbers. The upper number is the mass number, the number of nucleons. The lower number for each is the atomic number, the number of protons.
来源: Maria Cristina Fortuna/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 知识共享许可协议 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 图标