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Glossary term: Lente gravitacional

Description: Los objetos con masa pueden desviar la trayectoria de la luz que pasa cerca de su campo gravitatorio. Este efecto, predicho por la teoría de la relatividad general de Einstein, se observó por primera vez durante el eclipse solar de 1919, cuando se midió la desviación de la luz de varias estrellas cercanas al Sol. El efecto de lente gravitacional es más evidente en objetos muy masivos, como las galaxias o los cúmulos de galaxias. Si los observadores en la Tierra miran un objeto lejano cuya luz se ve desviada (por «la lente»), el objeto aparecerá distorsionado. Esta distorsión siempre implica una (des)magnificación de la luz, lo que normalmente nos permite ver mejor objetos de fondo que, de otro modo, serían tenues. Cuando la lente tiene suficiente masa concentrada en un área angular pequeña, se producen múltiples imágenes del mismo objeto de fondo, y la luz de cada una de ellas llega al observador en momentos diferentes. Medir estos denominados «retrasos temporales» es una de las mejores formas de determinar el valor de la constante de Hubble a escalas extragalácticas. Las imágenes múltiples de una lente, por otro lado, nos permiten determinar con precisión su masa (mediante modelización); este es un método muy útil para calcular la masa de las galaxias y, especialmente, de los cúmulos de galaxias.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

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Related Media


On the outskirts of a cluster of galaxies is an arc of light. On this arc is a dot, an image of one of the first stars

A gravitational lens magnifies one of the first stars

Caption: This image zooms in on a star formed within the first billion years after the birth of the Universe (at a redshift of 6.2). The Hubble Space Telescope detected this light using a technique called gravitational lensing. A massive galaxy cluster between the observer and the imaged star creates a distorted and warped image of the parent galaxy and reveals its features.
Credit: NASA, ESA, B. Welch (JHU), D. Coe (STScI), A. Pagan (STScI) credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) icons


Hubble image of the "happy face" galaxy cluster with bright galaxies forming eyes and arcs due to gravitational lensing.

The Happy Face of Gravitational Lensing

Caption: Captured by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, this image showcases the galaxy cluster SDSS J1038+4849, affectionately dubbed the "happy face" cluster due to its striking resemblance to a smiling face. The two bright galaxies at the center resemble orange eyes, while the arcs surrounding them form the illusion of a smile. These arcs are actually a result of strong gravitational lensing, a phenomenon where the cluster's immense gravitational pull distorts and magnifies light from background objects. This particular case of gravitational lensing has produced an Einstein Ring, a ring-like structure formed by the precise alignment of the source, lens, and observer. By studying these gravitational lenses, astronomers gain insights into the properties of massive galaxies, allowing for a deeper understanding of the early Universe.
Credit: NASA/ESA credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons

Related Activities


Dark matter & dark energy (Part 2) – Understanding the nature of dark matter and dark energy

Dark matter & dark energy (Part 2) – Understanding the nature of dark matter and dark energy

astroEDU educational activity (links to astroEDU website)
Description: Let's investigate the nature of dark matter and energy with gravitational lensing!

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) icons
Tags: Experiment , Invisible
Age Ranges: 12-14 , 14-16 , 16-19 , 19+
Education Level: Informal , Middle School
Areas of Learning: Guided-discovery learning , Interactive Lecture , Modelling , Problem-solving
Costs: Medium Cost
Duration: 45 mins
Group Size: Group
Skills: Constructing explanations , Developing and using models , Engaging in argument from evidence