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Glossary term: 고도

Description: 고도는 특정 좌표계에서의 각도(예를 들어, "어느 한 별의 고도")를 나타내거나, 또는 특정 기준면으로부터의 수직 거리(예를 들어, "해발 5000m")를 나타내는 두 가지 의미가 있습니다.

천문학(및 측량)에서는 고도가 지평 좌표계에서의 각도를 의미합니다. 이 각도는 특정 대상이 지평선으로부터 얼마나 높이 있는지를 나타내는데, 그 대상을 가리켰던 팔을 지평선까지 똑바로 내렸을 때 팔의 움직임으로 만들어진 각도가 고도에 해당됩니다. 고도는 도(°) 또는 라디안 단위로 측정됩니다. 목표 대상이 지평선 상에 있으면 고도가 0°이고, 머리 바로 위 '천정'에 있으면 고도가 90°입니다. 만약 그 대상이 현재 지평선 아래에 있으면 음의 고도 값이 주어지는데, 이 경우에 고도는 그 대상이 지평선으로부터 얼마나 내려가 있는지를 나타냅니다. 따라서 발 바로 아래 즉 '천저'에 있는 대상의 고도는 -90°가 됩니다.

항공이나 대기물리학 등의 분야에서는 고도가 특정 기준면으로부터의 높이를 나타내는 척도입니다. 지구상에서 고도는 보통 평균 해수면으로부터의 높이로 정의됩니다. 이런 경우에 고도는 미터와 같은 길이 단위로 표시됩니다.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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Related Diagrams


Two diagrams, on the right the sky forms a dome over the observer. On the left we see this dome on the Earth's surface

Horizontal Coordinate System

Caption: This image shows the horizontal coordinate system of an observer on Earth. On the right we see the coordinate system in the local context of the observer. The observer appears here as a point surrounded by the celestial sphere. The ground appears as a plane, while the Earth is round, we can approximate the ground in the area around the observer as a plane. The line where this plane intersects with the celestial sphere is the horizon. The point directly above the observer is the zenith, the point directly below the observer is the nadir which is hidden by the ground. Two coordinates define this coordinate system, altitude and azimuth, hence the reason this sometimes called an alt-az coordinate system. The altitude is zero at the horizon, maximum (90°) at the zenith and minimum (-90°) at the nadir. Azimuth is the angle around the horizon. Most commonly this is defined to be zero in the direction of north. Any point on the celestial sphere can be defined by these two coordinates. However what objects appear on these position will depend on the time and the location of the observer. On the left-hand part of the diagram, we can see that when we put the observer and their local horizontal coordinate system in a global context, that the parts of the sky the observer can see depend on their position on the Earth and on the rotation of the Earth. The zenith points perpendicular to the Earth's surface so the position on the sky the zenith and nadir correspond to is dependent on the observer's latitude. The horizon also depends on the observer's position on the Earth.
Credit: Maria Cristina Fortuna/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 저작자표시 4.0 국제 (CC BY 4.0) icons