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Glossary term: मेसियर ऑब्जेक्ट

Description: 1781 मध्ये चार्ल्स मेसियर आणि पियरे मेचेन यांनी प्रथम कॅटलॉग (यादी) केलेल्या 110 वस्तूंपैकी एक मेसियर ऑब्जेक्ट आहे. मेसियर आणि मेचेन, धूमकेतू शोधत होते, जे अस्पष्ट आणि विस्तारित दिसतात परंतु त्यांना अनेक अस्पष्ट, विस्तारित वस्तू आढळल्या, ज्या हलताना दिसत नाहीत. त्यांनी या वस्तूंचे पुन्हा निरीक्षण केल्यास त्यांचे निरीक्षण करण्यात वेळ वाया जाऊ नये म्हणून त्यांनी कॅटलॉग केले. आपल्या सूर्यमालेच्या पलीकडे या अस्पष्ट, विस्तारित वस्तू "नेबुला" म्हणून ओळखल्या जाऊ लागल्या.

सध्याच्या स्वरूपात, कॅटलॉगमध्ये 55 तारकासमूह, 39 आकाशगंगा, 11 खरे तेजोमेघ आणि 5 तारे गट आहेत. या वस्तू निरीक्षण करण्यासाठी हौशी खगोलशास्त्रज्ञांच्या आवडत्या वस्तू आहेत. एका खगोलशास्त्रज्ञाचा कचरा हा दुसऱ्याचा खजिना.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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A cluster of brilliant blue stars illuminate the surrounding nebular gas.

The Pleiades M45 with Majestic Dust

Caption: Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.   Taken in Dar Eid in Saint Catherine/Sinai, Egypt, in October 2021, this image shows the Pleiades, an open cluster also known as The Seven Sisters. The Pleiades are located in the north-western part of the constellation Taurus, the Bull. This constellation originates from ancient Babylonian or even Sumerian belief, where it was designated the Bull of Heaven, a mighty creature owned by the sky god. In Late Babylonian times, the Pleiades were called The Bristle at the hunchback of The Bull. In China, the asterism is also called The Hair, but this does not necessarily imply any relationship between the East Asian and West Asian names of this asterism, although exchange is hypothesised with the establishment of the Silk Road. In ancient Babylonian texts the term The Hair does not appear. Instead, the Pleiades are only called The Star Cluster in Sumerian, and the Sumerian term was used in later languages as a loanword. The Sumerian and early Babylonian religion associated all constellations with specific deities, including gods, demons, messengers of gods. The Star Cluster was associated with a deity of the Netherworld that was called The Seven and was considered an ensemble of seven speaking weapons or strongly armed gods. The later Greek name of the Seven Sisters might possibly have sprung from an intercultural misunderstanding of this older religious association, since, in fact, seven stars are not seen in this cluster. The star cluster of the Pleiades is really prominent in the sky, and thus was used for several cultural purposes, such as determining the calendar and the spring equinox. However, its significance is frequently overstated in cultural astronomy. As the tradition of representing it with seven dots originates from an ancient Sumerian belief, we should be careful about interpreting any group of seven dots on cave walls and archaeological sites across Europe, Asia and America from the Stone Age onwards as a representation of the Pleiades. Modern astrophysics has found that the star cluster of the Pleiades is extraordinarily young, so there was certainly not an additional star in ancient times. Furthermore, we know that the bright stars are only the core region of an open star cluster that consists of hundreds of stars scattered over an area of the sky which exceeds the bright core by one or two of its diameters in any direction. The photograph does not even show the whole cluster. The group is thought to be about 400 light-years away from Earth, which is relatively close in astronomical terms.
Credit: Mohamed Usama/IAU OAE

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