Massive stars play a fundamental role in shaping galaxies through radiation, winds, and supernova explosions. However, their earliest formation stages remain poorly understood due to large distances, short timescales, and heavy dust obscuration in natal environments. Cosmic masers provide a powerful probe of these embedded regions. Emission from molecules such as CH3OH, H2O, and OH arises under specific physical conditions linked to massive protostars. Their high brightness and compactness enable high-sensitivity, high-resolution observations. Masers trace early evolutionary stages, often before detectable H II regions form. Combined with multi-wavelength data, they constrain physical conditions, kinematics, and evolution, offering key insights into massive star formation processes.

Biography:

Dr. Mohamed Said Darwish is a Senior Scientific Researcher in the Department of Astronomy at the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Egypt. He obtained his Ph.D. in Astrophysics in 2021 and has been working at NRIAG since 2013, following his appointment as an Assistant Researcher. His research focuses on star formation, binary and multiple star systems, and radio astronomy, with particular emphasis on maser emission in massive star-forming regions. He is actively involved in international collaborations and scientific activities within the framework of URSI, IAU and other radio astronomy communities.